CRISPR/Cas系统在食品质量安全检测中的应用研究进展

Research progress on the application of CRISPR/Cas system in food quality and safety detection

中文关键词:  规律间隔成簇短回文重复序列  Cas9  Cas12a  Cas13a  食品安全检测

英文关键词:clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats-associated  Cas9  Cas12a  Cas13a  food safety detection

中文摘要:

      规律间隔成簇短回文重复序列及其相关蛋白(clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats-associated, CRISPR/Cas)是基于细菌和古细菌等原核生物的一种适应性免疫系统, 因其可编程性和易操作的优点已被开发为基因编辑技术, 并且凭借其快速和高效的特点被广泛用于生物、医学等领域。目前, 凭借其灵敏、快速、准确和特异性强的技术优势, CRISPR/Cas系统已开始在基于核酸检测和单核苷酸多态性检测等食品安全检测技术中应用, 发展迅速, 具有广阔的应用前景。本文对CRISPR/Cas系统中Cas9、Cas12a和Cas13a的原理进行综述, 总结其在掺假检测、溯源检测、食源性微生物和动物疫病等食品质量安全检测中的应用进展, 探讨该技术目前存在的问题和局限性, 并对其未来的发展进行展望, 以期为CRISPR/Cas系统应用于食品质量安全的现场快速检测提供理论和技术参考。

英文摘要:

      The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats-associated (CRISPR/Cas) system is an adaptive immune system based on prokaryotes such as bacteria and archaea, due to its advantages of programmable and easy operation, CRISPR/Cas system has been developed as a gene editing technology, and it has been widely used in biology, medicine and other fields owing to its fast and efficient characteristics. To date, with its technical advantages of sensitivity, speed, accuracy and strong specificity, CRISPR/Cas system has been gradually widely used in nucleic acid detection, single nucleotide polymorphism detection and other food safety detection technologies. It has rapid development and broad application prospects. This paper reviewed the principles of Cas9, Cas12a, and Cas13a in the CRISPR/Cas system, summarized their application progress in food quality and safety detection, such as adulteration detection, traceability detection, food-borne microorganisms and animal diseases, discussed the current problems and limitations, and prospected the future development was with the aim of providing theoretical and technical reference for the application of CRISPR/Cas system in the field of rapid detection of food quality and safety.