金黄色葡萄球菌肠毒素检测方法及前处理技术研究进展

Research progress on detection methods and pretreatment technology of staphylococcal enterotoxins

中文关键词:  食源性中毒  肠毒素  检测方法  质谱  样品前处理

英文关键词:food-borne poisoning  enterotoxins  detection method  mass spectrometry  sample preparation

中文摘要:

      金黄色葡萄球菌是常见的食源性致病菌之一, 肠毒素是导致金黄色葡萄球菌污染食物中毒的最主要原因。现有肠毒素检测方法包括免疫学方法、分子生物学方法、生物传感器方法和质谱法等。各方法均存在优劣, 酶联免疫法作为现有国家、行业标准推荐方法, 虽然灵敏度高, 但存在交叉反应, 且价格昂贵。质谱分析技术具有高通量、专属性强等优点, 已成为近年肠毒素检测技术研究热点。由于食品基质含有脂质、糖类等多种复杂成分, 对肠毒素的分离与检测具有较强的干扰, 因此选择恰当的样品前处理方法是实现肠毒素准确检测的关键。本文分别从肠毒素性质、肠毒素检测方法及原理、样品前处理方法等方面对现有研究进展进行阐述。通过对现有技术方法的比较分析, 基于高效液相分离技术结合质谱检测技术开发肠毒素检测方法, 不仅能够从食品中实现多种肠毒素的高效分离富集, 还具有灵敏度高、专属性强等优点, 有望成为肠毒素检测方法的主要研究方向。

英文摘要:

      Staphylococcus aureus is one of the common foodborne pathogens. Enterotoxin is the main cause of food poisoning caused by Staphylococcus aureus. The existing detection methods of enterotoxin include immunological methods, molecular biology methods, biosensor methods and mass spectrometry, etc. Each method has its own advantages and disadvantages. As an existing national and industrial standard recommended method, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay has high sensitivity, cross reaction and high price. Mass spectrometry has become a research hotspot of enterotoxin detection technology in recent years because of its high throughput and strong specificity. Because the food matrix contains many complex components such as lipids and sugars, it has a strong interference to the separation and detection of enterotoxin. Therefore, the selection of appropriate sample pretreatment method is the key to realize the accurate detection of enterotoxin. This paper expounded the existing research progress from the aspects of enterotoxin properties, enterotoxin detection methods and principles, sample pretreatment methods and so on. Through the comparative analysis of existing technical methods, the development of enterotoxin detection method based on high performance liquid separation technology combined with mass spectrometry detection technology could not only realize the efficient separation and enrichment of a variety of enterotoxins from food, but also had the advantages of high sensitivity and strong specificity. It was expected to become the main research direction of enterotoxin detection methods.