非产毒霍乱弧菌基因组流行病学研究进展

Advances in the genomic epidemiology of non-toxigenic Vibrio cholerae

中文关键词:  非产毒霍乱弧菌  基因组流行病学  分型  传播  遗传因子

英文关键词:non-toxigenic Vibrio cholerae  genomic epidemiology  typing  spread  genetic factors

中文摘要:

      非产毒霍乱弧菌指缺乏主要毒力基因ctxAB而不能产生霍乱毒素的霍乱弧菌。部分非产毒霍乱弧菌可以定植人类肠道, 引起腹泻等疾病, 但由于临床症状相对较轻而容易被忽视。基因组流行病学基于群体基因组学研究方法, 结合传统流行病学调查结果, 可以对食品和临床来源的非产毒霍乱弧菌进行溯源及传播分析。该学科的发展极大促进了对非产毒霍乱弧菌遗传多样性、致病机制及传播规律的认识。研究表明部分非产毒霍乱弧菌谱系, 如L3b和L9谱系已在全球多个国家流行, 对食品质量安全形成风险。本文从基因组特征、遗传分型、重要遗传因子及国内外传播规律4个方面, 归纳总结了非产毒霍乱弧菌基因组流行病学相关研究进展, 以期为非产毒霍乱弧菌的检测、监测及其相关食源性疾病防控工作提供参考。

英文摘要:

      Non-toxigenic Vibrio cholerae refers to the Vibrio cholerae that lacks the main virulence gene, ctxAB, and cannot produce cholera toxin. Some non-toxigenic Vibrio cholerae can colonize in human intestine and cause infection, but it tends to be ignored due to the mild clinical symptoms. Combined genomic research with traditional epidemiological investigation results, the genomic epidemiology study can infer the spread network and tracing the source of non-toxigenic Vibrio cholerae isolated from food and patients. With the rapid development of this field, it has largely improved the understanding of the genetic diversity, pathogenic mechanism and spread pattern of non-toxigenic Vibrio cholerae. It has been found that specific lineages of non-toxigenic Vibrio cholerae have been endemic in many countries, which has shaped a risk to food quality and safety. This review summarized the researches in genomic epidemiology of non-toxigenic Vibrio cholerae into 4 aspects: Genome characters, genetic typing, important genetic factors and domestic and international spread pattern, in order to promote the detection, surveillance, and the prevention and control work of foodborne diseases caused by non-toxigenic Vibrio cholerae.