安化茯砖茶中金花菌的筛选鉴定及发酵培养

Screening, identification and fermentation culture of golden flower fungus in Anhua Fuzhuan tea

中文关键词:  安化黑毛茶  安化茯砖茶  谢瓦曲霉  筛选  系统发育树

英文关键词:Anhua raw dark green tea  Anhua Fuzhuan tea  Aspergillus chevalieri  screening  phylogenetic tree

中文摘要:

      目的 筛选、鉴定自然发酵的安化茯砖茶中的金花菌, 优化分离菌株以安化黑毛茶为原料的发酵条件, 实现人工发酵制备安化茯砖茶。方法 以安化白沙溪茯砖茶为实验材料, 经过分离、纯化、培养, 观察分离菌株的培养特征。对分离菌株进行DNA提取和PCR扩增、测序, 以及分子生物学系统发育分析。将分离菌株人工培养后, 以菌丝体干重量为考察指标, 黑毛茶冲泡液为原始发酵液, 对分离菌株的实验室的发酵条件进行优化。结果 分离的单菌落经过比对鉴定为曲霉属(Aspergillus), 推测为谢瓦曲霉(Aspergillus chevalieri)。实验室人工发酵条件确定为: 发酵温度28 ℃, 转速120 r/min, 最佳碳源葡萄糖为90 g/L、氮源NH4Cl为7.5 g/L、无机盐CaCl2为5 g/L, 装液量150 mL, 接种量为1.5 mL, 发酵时间为6 d。优化后培养基中菌丝体干重量约为空白培养基组的20倍。结论 优化发酵培养条件后制得的发酵剂, 可用于人工接种发酵安化黑毛茶, 制备安化茯砖茶。

英文摘要:

      Objective To screen and identify the golden-flower fungus in natural fermentation of Fuzhuan tea, optimize the fermentation conditions of the isolated strains in Anhua raw dark green tea, and realize artificial fermentation to prepare Anhua Fuzhuan tea. Methods Using Fuzhuan brick tea in Baishaxi of Anhua as experimental material, the culture characteristics of the isolates were observed after separation, purification and culture. DNA extraction, PCR amplification, sequencing, and molecular phylogenetic analysis were performed on the isolates. After the isolates were artificially inoculated, the dry weight of mycelium was taken as the index, the brewing liquid of black hair tea was taken as the original fermentation liquid, and the fermentation conditions of the isolates in the laboratory were optimized. Results The isolated single colony was identified as Aspergillus by comparison, which was speculated to be Aspergillus chevalieri. The conditions of artificial fermentation in the laboratory were determined as follows: The fermentation temperature was 28 ℃, the rotation speed was 120 r/min, the optimum concentration of glucose, NH4Cl and CaCl2 were 90 g/L, 7.5 g/L and 5 g/L, respectively, the filling volume was 150 mL, the inoculation volume was 1.5 mL, and the fermentation time was 6 d. The dry weight of mycelium in the optimized medium was about 20 times of that in the blank medium group. Conclusion The starter prepared after optimizing fermentation and culture conditions can be used to artificially inoculate and ferment Anhua raw dark green tea to prepare Anhua Fuzhuan tea.