青稞原粮真菌毒素产生影响因素分析

Analysis on factors affecting mycotoxin production in highland barley raw grains

中文关键词:  青稞  真菌毒素  污染

英文关键词:highland barley  mycotoxin  pollution

中文摘要:

      目的 分析四川、甘肃、西藏、青海4省青稞真菌毒素污染情况和影响青稞原粮真菌毒素产生的因素。方法 从4省采集青稞429份, 经乙酸-乙腈-水提取, 氮气吹干后, 采用高效液相色谱-串联质谱法, 对青稞样品中14种真菌毒素进行检测, 采用Pearson相关性分析确定毒素与影响因素之间的相关性。结果 T-2毒素、赭曲霉毒素A及玉米赤霉烯酮3种毒素被检出, 检出范围分别为ND~810 μg/kg、ND~75 μg/kg和ND~387 μg/kg。T-2在青海门源地区检出率达60.17%, 在北青八号、肚里黄品种中检出率达57%以上, 含水量在12.5%以下的青稞原粮无毒素检出, 雨养农业模式下的青稞原粮中T-2毒素检出率是灌溉农业的8.45倍, 储存3年及以上样品毒素检出率较高。Pearson相关性分析表明, T-2毒素与产地、含水量、收获方式及耕地类型有显著相关性。结论 T-2毒素、OTA、ZEN在不同品种、含水量、储存年限、取样环节及耕地类型中存在显著性差异, T-2毒素为青稞原粮中主要污染物, 污染状况应引起关注。

英文摘要:

      Objective To clarify the mycotoxins contamination situation of highland barley raw grains in Sichuan, Gansu, Tibet and Qinghai, and study the factors affecting the production of mycotoxins in highland barley raw grains. Methods 429 samples of highland barley raw grains were collected from 4 provinces. After extraction with acetic acid-acetonitrile-water and drying with nitrogen, 14 kinds of mycotoxins in highland barley samples were detected by high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Pearson correlation analysis was used to determine the correlation between toxins and influencing factors. Results T-2 toxin, ochratoxin A and zearalenone were detected and the detection ranges were ND-810, ND-75 and ND-387 μg/kg respectively. The detection rate of T-2 toxin in Menyuan area of Qinghai province was 60.17%, and the varieties of Beiqing No.8 and Belli yellow were all over 57%, no toxin was detected in the highland barley raw grains with the water content less than 12.5% and the detection rate of T-2 in rain farming model was 8.45 times than that of irrigation agriculture model. The detection rate of toxin in samples stored for more than 3 years was high. Pearson correlation showed that T-2 was significantly correlated with the origin, water content, harvest mode and cultivated land type. Conclusion T-2 toxin, ochratoxin A and zearalenone have significant differences in different varieties, water content, storage life, sampling links and cultivated land types, T-2 toxin is the main pollutant in highland barley raw grains, which should be concerned.