新烟碱类农药的快速检测技术研究进展

Research on rapid detection technology of neonicotinoids pesticides

中文关键词:  新烟碱类农药  快速检测  食品安全

英文关键词:neonicotinoid pesticides  rapid detection  food safety

中文摘要:

      农药是制约我国农产品安全的首要因素。新烟碱类农药是继有机磷、氨基甲酸酯和拟除虫菊酯类杀虫剂之后的一类新型农药, 是目前世界上使用最广泛的杀虫剂之一。新烟碱类农药可与乙酰胆碱受体相结合, 阻断中枢神经正常传导, 同时对淋巴细胞产生基因毒性和细胞毒性。长期滥用和违规使用, 使得食品尤其是农产品中新烟碱类农药严重超标。2019年, 我国农业部发布的GB 2763—2019《食品安全国家标准 食品中农药最大残留限量》明确规定了新烟碱类农药在食品中的最大残留量。为此, 新烟碱类农药检测技术的开发对实现新烟碱类农药残留高效监控, 保障食品安全意义重大。现有新烟碱类农药检测技术以仪器确证类方法和快速检测方法为主, 前者往往依赖于大型仪器如气相色谱仪、高效液相色谱仪、质谱仪等的使用, 存在仪器昂贵、操作复杂、预处理烦琐等不足之处, 难以满足当下对农药残留实时、快速监测的现实需求。近年来, 以光学分析法、电化学分析法、免疫分析法等为主的快速检测技术应运而生, 得到了迅猛发展, 快速检测技术的应用和推广有望突破传统检测技术瓶颈, 实现对新烟碱类农药的高效检测与有力控制。因此本文就近年来新烟碱类农药的快速检测技术的研究进展进行了简要综述。

英文摘要:

      Pesticides critically restrict the safety of agricultural products in China. Neonicotinoid pesticides, as a new kind of pesticides following organophosphorus, carbamates and pyrethroids, are now the most widely used insecticides. Neonicotinoid pesticides can bind to acetylcholine receptors, block the normal conduction of central nervous system, and produce genotoxicity and cytotoxicity to lymphocytes. Illegal use of neonicotinoid pesticides in food, especially in agricultural products, has seriously exceeded the standards set by China. GB 2763—2019 National food safety standard-Maximum residue limits of pesticides in food issued by the Ministry of Agriculture of China clearly stipulates the maximum residues of neonicotinoid pesticides in food. Therefore, the development of neonicotinoid pesticide detection technology is of great significance to realize the effective monitoring of neonicotinoid pesticide residues and guarantee food safety. The existing detection technologies for neonicotinoid pesticides are mainly based on instrument confirmation methods and rapid detection methods. The former always relies on the usage of large instruments like gas chromatographs, high performance liquid chromatographs, mass spectrometers, etc., which are expensive, need complex operation and complicated pretreatments, making it is difficult to realize real-time rapid monitoring of pesticide residues. In recent years, rapid detection technologies such as optical analysis, electrochemical analysis, immunoassay, etc. have emerged and been developed. The application of rapid detection technology is expected to break through the bottleneck of traditional detection technologies, improve the detection performance and control the pollution of neonicotinoid pesticides effectively. This paper reviewed briefly the research progress of rapid detection technologies of neonicotinoid pesticides in recent years.