海藻植物多糖的化学结构及抗氧化活性研究进展

Progress on chemical structure and antioxidant activity of seaweed polysaccharides

中文关键词:  海藻  多糖  化学结构  抗氧化活性

英文关键词:seaweed  polysaccharides  chemical structure  antioxidant activity

中文摘要:

      海洋蕴藏着丰富的生物资源, 近年来, 从海洋生物中分离得到大量结构新颖、活性多样的生物多糖, 其中最引人注目的是海藻植物多糖。目前, 已从海洋褐藻门、红藻门、蓝藻门和绿藻门等多种海洋植物中分离提取结构各异的海藻多糖, 如岩藻聚糖、琼胶糖、卡拉胶、螺旋藻多糖和石莼多糖等。调查发现, 这些海藻多糖具有显著的抗氧化活性, 能够清除多种活性氧(reactive oxygen species, ROS)自由基; 而且还能通过调节抗氧化系统及相关信号通路等治疗氧化应激介导的疾病, 如糖尿病、癌症、肝损伤等。本文主要对近10年来海藻植物多糖的来源、类型、化学组成、结构特征、抗氧化活性以及氧化应激介导的疾病的保护作用等方面进行综述, 以期为海洋糖类药物和功能性食品的研究与开发奠定基础。

英文摘要:

      The ocean is rich in biological resources. In recent years, a large number of biological polysaccharides with novel structures and diverse activities have been isolated from marine organisms, among which the most striking is the seaweed polysaccharide. At present, seaweed polysaccharides with different structures, such as fucoidan, agarose, carrageenan, Spriulina polysacchrides and Ulva polysaccharides, have been isolated and extracted from various marine plants such as brown algae, Rhodophyta, Cyanophyta and Chlorophyta. It is found that these seaweed polysaccharides have significant antioxidant activities, which can scavenge many reactive oxygen species (ROS) free radicals. In addition, they can regulate the antioxidant system and related signal pathways to treat diseases mediated by oxidative stress, such as diabetes, cancer, liver injury and the like. This paper reviewed the source, type, chemical composition, structural characteristics, antioxidant activity and protective effect of oxidative stress-mediated diseases of seaweed polysaccharides in recent 10 years, in order to lay a foundation for the research and development of marine polysaccharide drugs and functional foods.