食品中常见人工合成甜味剂的基本特征及其对生理代谢的影响

Characteristics of common artificial sweeteners in food and their effects on physiological metabolism

中文关键词:  人工合成甜味剂  生理代谢  葡萄糖转运  肠肽类激素分泌  食欲  肠道微生物

英文关键词:artificial sweeteners  physiological metabolism  glucose transport  incretin secretion  appetite  gastrointestinal microorganisms

中文摘要:

      人工合成甜味剂(artificial sweeteners, AS)具有甜度高、无营养、低热量或无热量的特征, 已在食品工业中得到了广泛的应用。早期研究认为AS在生理上是惰性的, 然而现在有越来越多的证据表明, AS不仅能带来甜味, 过量摄入可能会引起生理代谢的变化, 引发一系列的健康问题。本文总结了6种常见的AS的性质特征及其对生理代谢的影响, 显示AS可能通过影响葡萄糖吸收和转运、影响肠肽类激素分泌、增加能量摄入和食欲、影响肠道微生物等不同方面影响生理代谢。不同AS引起的生理学效应不完全相同, 且不同种属和不同给药方式的影响也存在不一致性, 因此需选择适合的种属及给药方式进行动物或临床试验研究, 同时需深入对受体结合、信号转导及甜味感知系统的基础性研究, 为进一步开发和合理利用AS提供一定的参考依据。

英文摘要:

      Artificial sweeteners (AS), which are characterized by high sweetener, no nutrition, low calorie or no calorie, have been widely used in food industry. That AS are biologically inert has been suggested by previous studies. However, there is a growing number of evidences showing that AS not only provide a sweet taste but may also cause changes in physiological metabolism, eliciting a series of health problems. The property characteristic of 6 kinds of common AS and their effects on physiological metabolism are introduced. The absorption and transport of glucose, secretion of intestinal peptide hormone, intake of energy, appetite and intestinal microorganisms may be affected by AS. The physiological effects caused by different AS are not completely the same, and the effects of different species and different administration modes are also inconsistent. Therefore, suitable species and administration methods should be chosen for animal or clinical trials, and the basic research on receptor binding, signal transduction and sweet taste sensing system should be further studied, which will provide a theoretical reference for the further development and rational application of AS.