天然活性成分对α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制作用的研究进展

Research progress on the inhibitory effect of natural active ingredients on α-glucosidase

中文关键词:  α-葡萄糖苷酶  抑制  天然活性成分

英文关键词:α-glucosidase  inhibition  natural active ingredients

中文摘要:

      糖尿病是一种以高血糖为特征的临床常见代谢病, α-葡萄糖苷酶的活性对机体血糖水平的调节具有重要意义, α-糖苷酶抑制剂可以竞争性的抑制小肠内α-葡萄糖苷酶的活性, 延缓或抑制α-葡萄糖苷酶的吸收从而有效降低血糖。常见的α-葡萄糖苷酶如阿卡波糖, 伏格列波糖会引起腹胀, 腹泻, 腹痛等不良反应。天然活性成分药效温和, 毒副作用小, 引起国内外研究人员的广泛关注, 天然活性成分通过抑制α-葡萄糖苷酶调节血糖是近些年来的研究热点。本文综述了多糖、皂苷、生物碱、黄酮、多肽、萜类等天然活性成分抑制α-葡萄糖苷酶活性的研究, 以期为天然α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制剂在降血糖保健食品及药物开发提供参考。

英文摘要:

      Diabetes mellitus is a common clinical metabolic disease characterized by hyperglycemia. α-glucosidase activity plays an important role in the regulation of the body's blood glucose level. α-glucosidase inhibitors can competitively inhibit the activity of α-glucosidase in the small intestine, delay or inhibit the absorption of α-glucosidase, thus effectively reducing blood glucose. Common α-glucosidases such as acarbose and voglibose can cause abdominal distension, diarrhea, and abdominal pain. Natural active ingredients have mild efficacy, little toxic and side effects, which have attracted extensive attention of researchers at home and abroad. The regulation of blood glucose by inhibiting α-glucosidase has been a research hotspot in recent years. This article reviewed the research on the inhibition of α-glucosidase activity by natural active ingredients such as polysaccharides, saponins, alkaloids, flavonoids, peptides and terpenes, in order to provide reference for the development of natural α-glucosidase inhibitors in the development of blood sugar-lowering health foods and drugs.