佛山市禅城区食用鱼中重金属含量现状调查与健康风险评价

Investigation and health risk assessment of heavy metals in edible fish in Chancheng district, Foshan city

中文关键词:  食用鱼  重金属  健康风险

英文关键词:edible fish  heavy metals  health risks

中文摘要:

      目的 测定佛山市禅城区食用鱼中重金属含量, 分析平均含量特征, 进行健康风险评价。方法 采用直接测汞仪测定食用鱼中Hg含量; 使用微波消解法对样品进行前处理, 用电感耦合等离子体质谱法(inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, ICP-MS)测定食用鱼中的As、Cd、Cr和Pb等14种重金属和元素含量; 用高效液相色谱-电感耦合等离子体质谱联用法(high performance liquid chromatography-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, HPLC-ICP-MS)测无机砷含量; 采用营养质量指数法对不同鱼类进行营养价值评价; 根据GB 2762—2017《食品安全国家标准 食品中污染物限量》采用目标危险系数法对不同鱼类进行单一及复合重金属摄入健康风险评价。结果 禅城区常见食用鱼中有害重金属As和Hg检出率高, 均为99.4%; As、Cd、Cr、Hg和Pb平均含量分别为1.312、0.048、0.010、0.030、0.015 mg/kg; 无机砷平均含量0.003 mg/kg; 鱼肉中Se、K和Mg的成人营养质量指数(index of nutrition quality, INQ)基本上均大于1; 成人因食用鱼而摄入重金属的单一健康风险指数和复合健康风险指数均小于1。结论 禅城区食用鱼肌肉中5种有害重金属As、Cd、Cr、Hg和Pb平均含量均低于标准限值, 符合国家食品安全标准; 鱼肉中Se、K和Mg等元素营养价值丰富; 人群因食用鱼摄入有害重金属的健康风险不明显, 安全性较好。

英文摘要:

      Objective To determine the content of heavy metals in edible fish in Chancheng district of Foshan city, analyze the average content characteristics, and evaluate the health risk. Methods The content of Hg in edible fish was determined by direct mercury meter. The sample was pretreated by microwave digestion, the contents of 14 kinds of heavy metals and elements such as As, Cd, Cr and Pb in edible fish were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The content of inorganic arsenic was measured by high performance liquid chromatography-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (HPLC-ICP-MS). The nutritional values of different kinds of fish were evaluated by nutrient quality index. According to GB 2762—2017 National food safety standards-Limits of contaminants in foods, the health risks of single and compound heavy metals intake of different kinds of fish were evaluated by the target risk coefficient method. Results The detection rates of harmful heavy metals of As and Hg in common food fish were high in Chancheng district, which were both 99.4%. The average contents of As, Cd, Cr, Hg and Pb were 1.312, 0.048, 0.010, 0.030, and 0.015 mg/kg respectively. The average inorganic arsenic content was 0.003 mg/kg. The adult nutrition quality index (index of nutrition quality, INQ) of Se, K and Mg in fish meat were basically all greater than 1. The single health risk index and the compound health risk index of heavy metals ingested by adults due to fish consumption were both less than 1. Conclusion The average contents of 5 harmful heavy metals of As, Cd, Cr, Hg and Pb in the muscle of edible fish in Chancheng district are all lower than the standard limits, which meet the national food safety standards. The nutritional values of Se, K and Mg in fish meat are rich. The health risks of eating fish ingesting harmful heavy metals are not obvious, and the safety is good.