高食盐摄入对人体健康的影响

Effects of high salt intake on human health

中文关键词:  食盐  钠  高血压  心血管疾病  生理机制

英文关键词:salt  sodium  high blood pressure  cardiovascular disease  physiological mechanism

中文摘要:

      食盐是造成高血压和心血管疾病的重要原因之一, 资料证明食盐和高血压存在着必然的关联, 现在高血压的治疗方式, 主要是抗高血压药物治疗, 但是药物治疗副作用比较多, 减少盐摄入量是对降低高血压患者发病率最直接有效的手段。基于对盐摄入量有精确评估方法的可靠研究显示, 低盐摄入量与高血压、心血管疾病、及其他疾病(如肾病、胃癌和骨质疏松症)的风险降低有关。本综述提供了盐与血压、其潜在的生理机制、钾与血压、盐与血压及心血管疾病相关的健康证据, 并且简要介绍了减盐行动所带来的成本效益及世界各地在减盐行动中发挥的作用, 希望能为高血压及心血管疾病等慢性疾病的防治提供一定的理论支撑。

英文摘要:

      Salt is one of the important causes of hypertension and cardiovascular disease. Data show that there is a certain correlation between salt and hypertension. Now the treatment of hypertension is mainly antihypertensive drugs, but the side effects of drug therapy are more. Reducing salt intake is the most direct and effective way to reduce the incidence rate of hypertension. Reliable studies based on accurate assessment of salt intake have shown that low salt intake is associated with reduced risk of hypertension, cardiovascular disease, and other diseases such as kidney disease, gastric cancer, and osteoporosis. This review provided the health evidence of salt and blood pressure, its potential physiological mechanism, potassium and blood pressure, salt and blood pressure, and cardiovascular disease. In addition, this paper briefly introduced the cost-effectiveness of salt reduction and the role of salt reduction in the world, hoping to provide some theoretical support for the prevention and treatment of chronic diseases such as hypertension and cardiovascular disease.