肠道菌群与食物过敏性疾病研究进展

Research advance of the relationship between gut microbiota and food allergic diseases

中文关键词:  食物过敏  肠道菌群  口服耐受  益生菌

英文关键词:food allergy  gut microbiota  oral tolerance  probiotics

中文摘要:

      食物过敏作为食品安全的热点问题在全球引起了广泛关注, 食物过敏发病率的不断增加与肠道菌群结构和功能的变化密切相关。生活环境和膳食结构的改变、抗生素的使用等诸多因素都可引起肠道菌群失衡, 而肠道菌群丰度和多样性的变化可导致肠道菌群与宿主免疫系统相互作用的变化, 从而破坏口服耐受增加食物过敏的发病率。近年来, 随着肠道菌群-宿主相互作用等相关研究的不断深入, 调整肠道菌群结构为过敏性疾病的防治提供了新的思路, 因而益生菌在预防和治疗食物过敏中的作用开始备受关注。本文首先从细胞和分子水平总结了口服耐受和食物过敏产生的相关机制, 进一步综述了目前对于肠道菌群通过与宿主黏膜免疫系统相互作用调节食物过敏的相关机制研究, 并探讨益生菌防治食物过敏的潜在机制, 以期为益生菌在预防和治疗食物过敏中的应用提供理论依据。

英文摘要:

      Food allergy is a front-burner issue of food safety, which has obtained widespread attention globally, and evidence suggests that the increasing prevalence of food allergies is associated with compositional and functional changes in our gut microbiota. The lifestyle changes, dietary modifications, and increased antibiotic use are crucial factors of inducing dysbiosis in microbiome, which then influent the quantity or diversity of gut microbes affect oral tolerance through interactions of microbiota with host and confer susceptibility to food allergies. In recent years, with the development of the related studies on microbiota-host interactions, lend promise to the vison that adjusting the composition of gut microbes will have efficiency in the treatment of allergic disease, as a preventive and therapeutic treatment for food allergies, probiotics have gained attention. The review highlighted recent progress in our understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms for oral tolerance and food allergy, and then concluded the potential pathways of the microbiota-host interactions and gut immunity to protect against allergic diseases. Finally, the mechanistic details underlying the anti-allergic effects of probiotics were discussed. The present review aimed to lay the foundation for the application of probiotics in desensitization protocols.