小干扰RNA技术及其介导的转基因食品安全性评价

Small interfering RNA technique and safety evaluation of its mediated transgenic food

中文关键词:  RNA干扰  转基因食品  降解  生物屏障  安全评价

英文关键词:RNA interference  genetically modified food  degradation  biological barrier  safety evaluation

中文摘要:

      小干扰RNA(small interfering RNA, siRNA)是一种碱基长度为21~24 bp的双链RNA, 其主要生物学功能是参与RNA干扰(RNA interference, RNAi)。RNAi是调节基因表达的一种保守机制, 通过靶向降解mRNA或阻止mRNA翻译为蛋白质来实现基因沉默。siRNA的检测方法主要有实时定量聚合酶链式反应(real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, RT-qPCR)、转录组学(RNA-seq)、诺瑟杂交(northern blot)、酶联免疫吸附测定(enzyme-linked immuno sorbent assay, ELISA)、质谱法等, 主要以“实质等同性”为原则对转基因农产品进行安全性评价。RNAi在改良农作物的遗传特性、提高农产品的营养价值方面发挥出巨大潜力, 目前全球已有43个国家批准了转基因作物的商业化种植。但是, 自从转基因食品商业化以来, 社会及公众对于其安全性的争论一直在持续。本文介绍了siRNA介导的RNAi的机制、siRNA检测技术、siRNA介导的RNAi转基因食品安全评价的生物学基础及研究进展, 旨在为今后评价siRNA介导的RNAi转基因食品的安全性提供理论参考, 且为今后转基因农作物的产业化发展奠定基础。

英文摘要:

      Small interfering RNA (siRNA) is a double-stranded RNA with a base length of 21–24 bp. Its main biological function is to participate in RNA interference (RNAi). RNAi refers to a conserved mechanism that regulates gene expression. It achieves gene silencing by targeted degradation of mRNA or preventing translation of mRNA into protein. The detection methods of siRNA mainly include real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), RNA-seq, northern blot, enzyme-linked immuno sorbent assay (ELISA), mass spectrometry, etc. The safety evaluation of genetically modified agricultural products is mainly based on the principle of "substantial equivalence". RNAi has played a huge potential in improving the genetic characteristics of crops and improving the nutritional value of agricultural products. Currently, 43 countries around the world have approved the commercial cultivation of genetically modified crops. However, since the commercialization of genetically modified foods, public debates about their safety have continued. This paper described the mechanism of siRNA-mediated RNAi, the detection technology of siRNA, the biological basis and research progress of safety evaluation of RNAi mediated transgenic food, so as to provide theoretical reference for evaluating the safety of siRNA mediated RNAi transgenic food in the future, and lay a foundation for the industrial development of transgenic crops in the future.