1-甲基环丙烯或乙烯吸收剂处理减轻机械损伤苹果劣变的研究

Study on the effects of 1-methylcyclopropene or ethylene absorbent treatment on alleviating deterioration of mechanically damaged apples

中文关键词:  富士苹果  机械损伤  乙烯吸收剂  1-甲基环丙烯

英文关键词:Fuji apple  mechanical damage  ethylene absorbent  1-methylcyclopropene

中文摘要:

      目的 利用不同的机械外力造成苹果局部机械损伤, 对损伤苹果进行不同的后处理, 比较其损伤后的修复效果。方法 利用TA.XT. Plus质构仪SMS P/0.5S球型探头对红富士苹果施加0.96 N(9.6×103 Pa)、1.46 N(1.46×104 Pa)和1.96 N(1.96×104 Pa)的静压力, 将不同损伤程度的苹果分别进行乙烯吸收剂(ethylene absorbent, EA)和1-甲基环丙烯(1-methylcyclopropene, 1-MCP)处理, 以未进行处理的苹果作为对照, 然后在常温(22±1) ℃贮藏13 d, 在不同时间点测定苹果内源乙烯的生成速率、呼吸强度、可滴定酸及可溶性固形物含量、过氧化物酶(peroxidase, POD)及多酚氧化酶(polyphenol oxidase, PPO)活性。结果 不同处理苹果的可溶性固形物含量呈现上升及下降的往复过程, 9.6×103 Pa+1-MCP处理可有效延缓可滴定酸含量的下降, 呼吸速率在第10 d增高, 内源乙烯释放量在前4 d急剧增高；9.6×103 Pa+1-MCP组和1.46×104 Pa+EA组过氧化物酶活性分别在第1d和第4 d大幅增加, 1.46×104Pa+EA组多酚氧化酶活性在第4 d增长。结论 EA和1-MCP处理对低振动损伤苹果有较明显的修复效果, 可以减少品质劣变, 贮藏13 d后生理生化指标与对照组苹果无显著性差异(P>0.05)。

英文摘要:

      Objective To use different mechanical external forces to cause local mechanical damage to apples, perform different post-treatments on the damaged apples, and compare the repair effects of the damaged apples. Methods The static pressure of 0.96, 1.46 and 1.96 N corresponding to 9.6×103, 1.46×104 and 1.96×104 Pa was exerted on red Fuji apples using TA.XT. Plus texture analyzer with SMS P/0.5S ball probe. Then apples with different damage levels were subjected to ethylene absorbent (EA) and 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) treatment, using untreated apple as a control. All the samples were stored at ambient temperature (22±1) ℃ for 13 d, the endogenous ethylene release, respiration rate, titratable acid content, total soluble solid (TSS) content, peroxidase (POD) and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activities of the apple were measured at predetermined time interval. Results The TSS content in apples under different treatments showed a reciprocating process of rising and falling. Apples with 9.6 × 103 Pa plus 1-MCP treatment could delayed the decline of the titratable acid content effectively, the respiration rate increased on the 10th day, and the endogenous ethylene release increased sharply during the first 4 days. For apples subjected to 9.6 × 103 Pa + 1-MCP and 1.46 × 104 Pa + EA treatments, the PPO activity increased significantly on the 1st day and the 4th day, respectively, and the polyphenol oxidase activity in the 1.46 × 104Pa + EA group increased on the 4th day. Conclusion Treatment with EA and 1-MCP had a positive effect on physiological and biochemical indexes of apples with low vibration damage, which could reduce quality deterioration. After storage for 13 d, there were no significant differences in physiological and biochemical indicators of apples among different groups (P>0.05).