食物营养对运动员身体形态的影响研究

Study on the influence of food nutrients on athletes' sports form

中文关键词:  食物  营养素  运动员  运动形态  影响

英文关键词:food  nutrients  athletes  sports form  influence

中文摘要:

      目的 建立食物营养与运动员营养生化指标和身体形态之间的对应关系, 探讨饮食模式可能对运动员身体机能的影响。方法 以166名国家注册运动员为研究对象, 采用SIMCA-P13+构建运动员饮食模式的OPLS-DA模型, 并采用SPSS17.0统计分析软件对调研结果进行分析。结果 总能量和脂肪、蛋白质和碳水化合物摄入分别对体脂百分数、体脂含量和体重指数成正相关的影响; 微量元素的摄入会影响体脂百分数、增加体脂含量和体重指数; 除缬氨酸、苏氨酸、蛋氨酸+胱氨酸外, 组氨酸、异亮氨酸、亮氨酸和赖氨酸对运动员身体形态的影响都相似, 即异亮氨酸、亮氨酸和赖氨酸的摄入会降低体脂百分数, 但是都会增加体脂含量和体重指数; 而组氨酸的摄入则会同时降低体脂百分数、体脂含量和体重指数。谷类及相关制品、高糖淀粉类、含糖饮料类和蔬菜类的摄入而增加体脂百分数、体脂含量和体重指数; 高糖淀粉类和水果类的摄入而增加体脂百分数、体脂含量, 并降低体重指数; 畜肉类、禽肉类和蛋类的摄入而减小体脂百分数、体脂含量, 并增加体重指数; 水产类、豆类和奶类的摄入会减小体脂百分数, 并体重指数。结论 优秀运动员具有自身相对稳定的饮食模式表现出个体差异性; 营养摄入模式不同表现出对运动员的身体机能指标有一定的关联, 通过模型识别技术表明营养摄入对运动员身体形态有重要的影响, 可通过食物营养与运动员营养生化指标和身体形态之间的对应关系加以控制。

英文摘要:

      Objective To establish the corresponding relationship between food nutrition, nutritional biochemical indexes and body shape of athletes, and explore the possible effects of dietary patterns on the physical functioning of athletes. Methods 166 nationally registered athletes were taking as research objects. The OPLS-DA model of athletes' diet mode was constructed by SIMCA-P13+, and the results were analyzed by SPSS17.0 statistical software. Results Total energy and fat, protein and carbohydrate intake were positively correlated with body fat percentage, body fat content and body mass index, respectively; the intake of trace elements would affect the body fat percentage, increase the body fat content and body mass index. Besides valine, threonine and methionine + cystine, the effects of histidine, isoleucine, leucine and lysine on the body shape of athletes were similar. It means that intake of isoleucine, leucie and lysine decreased body fat percentage but increased body fat content and body mass index, while histidine intake decreased body fat percentage, body fat content and body mass index at the same time. The intake of cereal and related products, high sugar starch, sugary drinks and vegetables increased the body fat percentage, body fat content and body mass index. The intake of high sugar starch and fruits increased the body fat percentage, body fat content and body mass index; the intake of livestock meat, poultry meat and eggs decreases the body fat percentage, body fat content and body mass index; aquatic products The intake of legumes, legumes and milk decreased the percentage of body fat and increased the body mass index. Conclusion Elite athletes with their own relatively stable diet patterns showed individual differences. Different nutrition intake patterns showed a certain correlation with athletes' body function indexes. The model recognition technology shows that nutrition intake has an important impact on athletes' body shape, which can be controlled by the corresponding relationship between food nutrition and athletes' nutrition biochemical indexes and body shape.