磷酸盐保水机理及其对水产品保水作用的研究进展

Research progress on water retention mechanism of phosphate and its effect on water retention of aquatic products

中文关键词:  磷酸盐  保水剂  水产品  机理  应用

英文关键词:phosphate  water retaining agent  aquatic products  mechanism  application

中文摘要:

      磷酸盐是目前国内外应用最广泛的食品保水剂之一, 磷酸盐及其复配产品常应用在水产品加工以及贮藏过程中, 以提高水产品的保水性, 最大限度减少水分、风味物质及营养成分的流失, 磷酸盐种类繁多, 结构复杂, 中国已允许添加在食品中的磷酸盐共有16种, 对水产品的保水效果取决于磷酸盐的添加种类和添加量, 中国明确规定了磷酸盐在不同水产品中的添加量, 在冷水水产品中磷酸盐的添加量不得超过5 g/kg(以PO43- 计)。磷酸盐可以通过提高肌肉中pH、螯合金属离子、增大蛋白质的离子强度、促进肌动球蛋白的解离对水产品产生保水作用。由于其价格低廉, 保水效果明显常应用在鱼、虾、贝等水产品中。本文综述了磷酸盐保水剂的研究现状、作用机理及其对水产品保水作用的应用, 以期为磷酸盐在水产品中的应用提供参考。

英文摘要:

      Phosphate is one of the most widely used food water retaining agents at home and abroad. Phosphate and its compound products are often used in aquatic products processing and storage in order to improve the water retention of aquatic products, minimize the loss of moisture, flavor substances and nutrients, there are many kinds of phosphate and complex structure. There are 16 kinds of phosphate allowed to be added to food in China. The water retention effect of aquatic products depends on the type and amount of phosphate added. China has clearly stipulated the amount of phosphate in different aquatic products, and the amount of phosphate in cold water aquatic products should not exceed 5 g/kg (in terms of PO43-). Phosphate can protect aquatic products by increasing the chelating metal ions of pH, in muscle, increasing the ion strength of proteins and promoting the dissociation of actin. Because of its low price, water conservation effect is often used in fish, shrimp, shellfish and other aquatic products. In this paper, the research status, action mechanism and application of phosphate water retaining agent to aquatic products are reviewed in order to provide reference for the application of phosphate in aquatic products.