2018年北京市通州区居民冰箱使用习惯及卫生状况调查

Investigation on the usage habits and hygienic status of refrigerator of community residents in Tongzhou district of Beijing in 2018

中文关键词:  通州  居民冰箱  食物储存  卫生状况  食源性致病菌

英文关键词:Tongzhou  household refrigerator  food storage  hygienic condition  foodborne pathogens

中文摘要:

      目的 了解北京市通州区居民冰箱储存食物、清洗频率等使用习惯及卫生状况。方法 选取北京市通州区3个社区60户居民, 调查冰箱使用年限、冰箱内部是否定期清洗、水果、鸡蛋和熟食的储存习惯等。对冰箱冷藏室隔板和底部进行涂抹采样, 检测项目为大肠菌群、单核细胞增生李斯特菌、小肠结肠炎耶尔森菌和金黄色葡萄球菌。结果 调查居民60台冰箱, 使用年限<10年的占76.7%, 定期清洗冰箱的占80.0%。有41.6%的居民在冰箱冷藏室存放熟食与其他食物混放, 20.0%的居民将水果不包装放入冰箱, 13.3%的居民将鸡蛋与其他食物混放。采集冰箱内部涂抹样品120件, 大肠菌群检出率为31.7%(38/120), 冷藏室底部大肠菌群检出率高于冷藏室隔板(2=5.546, P=0.019)。未检出单核细胞增生李斯特菌、小肠结肠炎耶尔森菌、金黄色葡萄球菌。结论 居民冰箱储存食物方式及冷藏室卫生状况存在食品安全隐患, 因此应加强宣教和指导, 预防和减少食源性疾病发生。

英文摘要:

      Objective To understand the usage habits and hygienic status of storing food and cleaning frequency of refrigerators in community household in Tongzhou district of Beijing. Methods Totally 60 households in 3 communities in Tongzhou district of Beijing were selected to investigate the service life of the refrigerator, whether the refrigerator is cleaned regularly, the storage habits of fruits, eggs and cooked foods, etc. The separators and bottom of refrigerator freezer were smeared, and the detection items included coliforms, Listeria monocytogenes, Yersinia enterocolitica and Staphylococcus aureus. Results Among the 60 refrigerators investigated, 76.7% had a service life less than 10 years, and the proportion of residents cleaning refrigerators regularly was 80.0%. Among them, 41.6% of the residents did not store cooked foods separately from other foods, and 20.0% of the residents stored the fruits in the refrigeration room without washing and packing, and 13.3% of the residents mixed the eggs with other foods. Totally 120 smear samples were collected from refrigerators, and the detection rate of coliform was 31.7% (38/120). The detection rate of coliform in the bottom of refrigerator was higher than that in the partition (2=5.546, P=0.019). Listeria monocytogenes, Yersinia enterocolitica and Staphylococcus aureus were not detected. Conclusion The way to store food and hygienic condition in refrigerators exists potential food safety hazards, as a result, food safety education and scientific guidance for residents should be strengthened to prevent foodborne diseases.