芜菁子挥发油、多糖的组成及挥发油抗菌活性的研究

Study of composition of volatile oil, polysaccharide and antibacterial activity in Brassica rapa L. seed

中文关键词:  芜菁子  挥发油  抗菌作用  多糖  薄层色谱

英文关键词:Brassica rapa L. seed  volatile oil  antimicrobial activity  polysaccharide  thin layer chromatography

中文摘要:

      目的 用3种方法提取芜菁子挥发油, 对挥发油的抗菌作用进行定性和定量分析, 并对芜菁子挥发油及多糖的组成进行分析。方法 采用水蒸气蒸馏法、溶剂萃取法和同时蒸馏萃取法提取芜菁子挥发油, 气相色谱-质谱联用法分析挥发油的组成。运用滤纸片扩散法和二倍稀释法检验芜菁子挥发油对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和绿脓杆菌的抑菌作用。利用水提醇沉法提取残渣中的多糖, 酸水解后进行薄层分析。结果 3种方法提取的挥发油分别鉴别出21、7、14种成分。水蒸气蒸馏法提取挥发油中异硫氰酸酯类化合物占45.95%, 同时蒸馏萃取法的为31.35%, 溶剂萃取法提取挥发油无异硫氰酸酯类化合物。定性定量的抑菌实验结果显示，3种方法所得的挥发油对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和绿脓杆菌均有良好的抑制作用, 水蒸气蒸馏法提取的挥发油的抑菌效果最好。在高效G板上, 以乙酸乙酯:异丙醇:水=26:14:7(V:V:V)为展开剂, 芜菁子多糖的分离效果较好, 可鉴别出芜菁子多糖中的果糖和半乳糖。结论 芜菁子挥发油对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、绿脓杆菌均有一定的抑制作用, 可能与其中含有异硫氰酸酯类和腈类化合物有关。

英文摘要:

      Objective To extract volatile oil by three methods from Brassica rapa L. seed, and analysis the antimicrobial activity of volatile oil qualitatively and quantitatively, the components of volatile oil and polysaccharides from Brassica rapa L. seed were identified. Methods The volatile oil of Brassica rapa L. seed was extracted by steam distillation, solvent extraction and simultaneous distillation extraction, and the components of volatile oil were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The inhibitory effects of volatile oil on Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were tested by filter paper diffusion method and double dilution method. The polysaccharide was extracted in residues by water extraction and alcohol precipitation, TLC was used to analyze its composition after acid hydrolysis. Results There were 21, 7 and 14 components respectively in the volatile oil extracted by three methods. Among them, the isothiocyanate compound accounted for 45.95% in the volatile oil extracted by steam distillation, 31.35% by simultaneous distillation extraction, and there were no isothiocyanates in volatile oil extracted by solvent extraction. The qualitative and quantitative antibacterial experiments showed that the volatile oils obtained by the three methods had good inhibitory effects on Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The volatile oil extracted by steam distillation had the bast antibacterial effect. The polysaccharide was separated better with ethyl acetate: isopropanol: water= 26:14:7(V:V:V) as the developing agent on the high-efficiency G plate, fructose and galactose were identified in polysaccharide of Brassica rapa L. seed . Conclusions The volatile oil of Brassica rapa L. seed have certain inhibitory effects on Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and may be related to the inclusion of isothiocyanates and nitriles.