2016~2018年苏州市水生蔬菜重金属污染状况分析及健康风险评价

Analysis of heavy metal pollution status and health risk assessment of aquatic vegetables in Suzhou from 2016 to 2018

中文关键词:  水生蔬菜  铅  镉  总汞  总砷  污染  健康风险

英文关键词:aquatic vegetables  lead  cadmium  total mercury  total arsenic  pollution  health risks

中文摘要:

      目的 研究苏州市地方特产水生蔬菜中重金属污染情况, 评价苏州居民经水生蔬菜膳食途径摄入的重金属对人体存在的健康风险。方法 2016~2018年在苏州市10个区县连续采集8种共198份水生蔬菜样品, 采用国家标准方法检测样品中铅、镉、总汞和总砷含量, 按GB 2762-2017《食品安全国家标准 食品中污染物限量》判定重金属超标情况; 利用单因子污染指数和内梅罗综合污染指数评价不同种类水生蔬菜中铅、镉、总汞和总砷的污染程度; 采用暴露情景假设的方法和简单分布模型(确定性评估)的方法评价水生蔬菜中重金属的健康风险。结果 水生蔬菜中铅和总砷的超标率分别为5.29%(10/189)和0.60%(1/166), 镉和总汞无超标样品, 铅、镉、总汞和总砷检测平均值分别为0.0518、0.0066、0.0007和0.0526 mg/kg。3个年份样品的重金属污染水平不完全相同, 水生蔬菜总汞水平存在种类间差异; 重金属污染水平之间存在相关性。水生蔬菜中4种重金属单项污染指数均小于或等于0.7, 处于优良水平; 综合污染指数均小于0.7, 处于安全水平。苏州地区水生蔬菜中的铅污染对成人及95%的儿童均不会产生健康危害, 但对高食物消费暴露的儿童(5%)可能产生潜在的健康影响; 镉、总汞、总砷污染对成人和儿童均不会产生健康危害。结论 苏州市水生蔬菜中重金属污染水平较低; 水生蔬菜铅污染可能对小部分儿童存在潜在健康危害。

英文摘要:

      Objective To study the pollution status of heavy metals in local aquatic vegetables in Suzhou and evaluate the health risks of heavy metals ingested through the dietary pathway of aquatic vegetables by Suzhou residents. Methods Totally 198 aquatic vegetable samples of 8 categories were continuously extracted from 10 counties in Suzhou from 2016 to 2018, and the content of lead, cadmium, total mercury and total arsenic in samples was detected using the national standard methods, and the over-limit ratio was counted according to GB 2762-2017 National food safety standard-Contaminant limit in food, and the pollution degree of lead, cadmium, total mercury and total arsenic in different kinds of aquatic vegetables were evaluated by the single factor pollution index and Nemerow comprehensive pollution index. Health risks of heavy metals in aquatic vegetables were assessed using exposure scenario hypothesis and simple distribution model (deterministic assessment). Results The over-limit rates of lead and total arsenic in aquatic vegetables were 5.29% (10/189) and 0.60% (1/166), respectively. Cadmium and total mercury were below limits for all samples. The mean concentration of lead, cadmium, total mercury and total arsenic were 0.0518, 0.0066, 0.0007 and 0.0526 mg/kg, respectively. The levels of heavy metal pollution in the samples from the 3 years were not exactly the same, and the total mercury levels in aquatic vegetables varied among species, and there was a correlation between the levels of heavy metal pollution. The single pollution index of 4 heavy metals in aquatic vegetables was less than or equal to 0.7, which was at an excellent level, and the comprehensive pollution index was less than 0.7, which was at a safe level. Lead contamination in aquatic vegetables in Suzhou area would not cause health hazard to adults and 95% of children, but might cause potential health impact to children exposed to high food consumption (5%). Cadmium, total mercury and total arsenic pollution would not cause health hazards to adults and children. Conclusion The pollution of heavy metals in aquatic vegetables in Suzhou is generally low. Lead contamination of aquatic vegetables may be a potential health hazard for a small number of children.