基于市场监测农药残留的四川省获“绿色食品”认证绿茶质量安全风险评估

Risk assessment of green tea certified by “green food” in Sichuan province based on market monitoring of pesticide residues

中文关键词:  绿色食品  绿茶  长期膳食摄入风险评估  短期膳食摄入风险评估  风险排序

英文关键词:green food  green tea  risk assessment of short-term dietary intake  risk assessment of long-term dietary intake  risk ranking

中文摘要:

      目的 掌握四川省获得“绿色食品”认证绿茶的质量安全情况, 评估其存在的主要问题及风险危害。方法 以97个四川省获得“绿色食品”认证的绿茶为评估对象, 考察农药共计82项。对长期、短期和急性膳食摄入风险进行评估, 针对茶叶产品膳食评估, 分别计算长期膳食摄入量和短期膳食摄入量危害指数(hazard index, HI)进行评价, 并对检出农药进行风险排序。结果 41个样品检出农药残留, 检出的农药残留项目有38项, 前3位依次为毒死蜱(19次)、啶虫脒(18次)和联苯菊酯(18次)。长期膳食摄入风险评估结果表明检出农药残留%ADI范围在0.001%~1.610%, 远低于100%, 风险极低。短期膳食摄入量评估结果表明检出农药残留%ARfD范围在0.002%~23.396%, 均低于100%, 风险较低。绿茶产品长期膳食摄入和短期膳食摄入风险指数分别为10.714%和58.962%, 低于100%, 风险可控。检出农药风险排序依次为灭多威、唑虫酰胺和氧乐果、克百威(并列)。对我国GB 2763-2016规定的19项农药残留最大残留限量(maximum residue limit, MRL)进行评估, 表明虫螨腈的CPLc小于“1”, 其MRL对消费者长期摄入保护水平存在风险。结论 建议考虑增加毒死蜱等检出率较高农药残留的MRL值, 高风险农药在绿茶产品质量安全控制和监管中应多关注。

英文摘要:

      Objective To grasp the quality and safety of green tea certified as "green food" in Sichuan province, and evaluate the main problems and risks. Methods A total of 97 green tea certified as "green food" in Sichuan province were evaluated, and the risk of pesticide detection was ranked. Long-term, short-term and acute dietary intake risks were assessed. For the dietary assessment of tea products, hazard index (HI) of long-term dietary intake and short-term dietary intake were calculated and evaluated respectively, and the risk ranking of detected pesticides was conducted. Results Pesticide residues were detected in 41 samples, among which 38 kinds of pesticide residues were detected, the top three were chlorpyrifos (19 times), chloramidine (18 times) and bifenthrin (18 times). The results of long-term dietary intake risk assessment showed that the detected pesticide residue %ARfD ranged from 0.001% to 1.610%, much lower than 100%, and the risk was very low. The results of short-term dietary intake assessment showed that the detected pesticide residue %ARfD ranged from 0.002% to 23.396%, which was lower than 100%, and the risk was lower. The hazard index of long-term dietary intake and long-term dietary intake for green tea products were 10.714% and 58.962%, respectively, both lower than 100%, and the risk was controllable. The order of the risk of pesticide detection was metovir, zolacaramide, oxydimethoate and carbofuran (parallel). The assessment of the maximum residue limit (MRL) of 19 pesticide residues stipulated in GB 2763-2016 in China indicated that the CPLc of acarbium residue was less than ’1’ and there were risks with the MRL to the long-term uptake protection level of consumers. Conclusion It is suggested to consider increasing the MRL values of chlorpyrifos and other pesticides with high detection rate, and more attention should be paid to the quality and safety control and supervision of green tea products with high risk pesticides.