农药胁迫和硒元素等干预对作物品质的影响

Effects of pesticide stress, selenium and other elements intervention on crop quality

中文关键词:  农产品  农药  硒  纳米材料  作物品质

英文关键词:agriculture commodity  pesticide  selenium  nano materials  crop quality

中文摘要:

      农药是控制病虫草害、促进作物高产的有效手段, 但农药残留可能会产生药害、并对作物抗氧化系统乃至营养品质和风味产生影响。硒元素是构成抗氧化剂谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶的活性成分, 低浓度的硒在植物中有各种生物学效应, 包括促进植物生长、提高产量并抵消多种非生物因子诱导的氧化应激或病原菌感染, 且有可能通过调节植物内源激素通路而合成更多的黄酮、氨基酸、多酚、萜烯等成分来提升作物营养品质的功效。纳米材料具有扩散阻力小, 吸附能力强和更快的吸附平衡等独特属性, 纳米载体负载营养物质以及微量元素纳米化能够提高植物养分的利用率、减少养分的损失、刺激植物的生长, 其在激活植物健康方面具有广阔的应用前景。纳米硒在上调含硒酶活性方面具有更高的效率, 更低的毒性和更高的生物有效性, 并可以显著提升作物抗氧化活性。本文综述了近些年农药使用对农产品品质影响及成因, 并介绍了碳纳米材料和纳米硒作为植物健康激活剂在农产品提质增效中的应用, 以期指导农药科学使用, 并为农产品提质增效提供理论参考。

英文摘要:

      Pesticides are an effective means to control pests and weeds and promote high yields of crops. However, pesticide residues may cause phytotoxicity and affect crop antioxidant systems and even nutritional quality and flavor. Selenium is the active constituent of the antioxidant glutathione peroxidase. Low concentrations of selenium have various biological effects in plants, including promoting plant growth, increasing yield, and counteracting a variety of abiotic factors-induced oxidative stress or pathogen infections. Moreover, it is also possible to synthesize more flavonoids, amino acids, polyphenols, terpenes, and other ingredients by regulating the endogenous hormone pathway of plants to enhance the nutritional quality of crops. Nanomaterials have unique properties such as low diffusion resistance, strong adsorption capacity, and faster adsorption equilibrium. Nanocarrier loading nutrients and trace element nanocrystallization can improve plant nutrient utilization, reduce nutrient loss, and stimulate plant growth. It has broad application prospects in activating plant health. Nano-selenium has higher efficiency, lower toxicity and higher bioavailability in up-regulating selenoenzyme activity, and can significantly improve the antioxidant activity of crops. This paper reviewed the effects of pesticide use on the quality of agricultural products in recent years, and introduced the application of carbon nanomaterials and nano-selenium as plant health activators in improving the quality of agricultural products, in order to guide the scientific use of pesticides, and provide a theoretical reference for improving the quality and efficiency of agricultural products.