部分食品样品萃取技术及检测对象的研究进展

Research progress on food sample pretreatment technology and test objects

中文关键词:  食品样品前处理  固相萃取  分散固相萃取  磁性固相萃取  药物残留  食品添加剂  重金属残留

英文关键词:food sample pretreatment  solid phase extraction  dispersive solid phase extraction  magnetic solid phase extraction  drug residues  food additives  heavy metal residues

中文摘要:

      食品安全关系到每个国民的身体健康和生活质量, 因此加强食品安全的检测是非常有必要的, 而食品样品的前处理是安全检测过程当中非常重要的步骤。本文针对食品样品的前处理研究现状进行了分析, 包括年代分析和主题分布, 发现食品样品前处理是近些年刚发展起来的。同时对几种常用的前处理技术的适用范围、研究现状以及每种方法的优势进行了分析, 固相萃取技术的优势在于可以同时完成样品的富集和净化, 提高检测的灵敏度, 但存在液面问题; 超临界流体萃取的提取效率高、热敏性成分不易被破坏, 能够很好的实现选择性分离且保持提取物的天然特性, 但不适合含有强极性基团或分子量过大的成分; 微波辅助萃取速度快、溶剂用量少并且可以选择性加热, 但是要求物料具有良好的吸水性。另外, 食品中的药物残留会引发抗菌药物耐药性的发展, 食品添加剂、重金属以及环境污染物的残留会带来致癌、急慢性中毒等问题, 危害人类身体健康, 最后针对该领域存在的问题提出了解决措施。

英文摘要:

      Food safety is related to the health and quality of life of every citizen, so it is necessary to strengthen the testing of food safety, and the pretreatment of food samples is a very important step in the process of safety testing. This paper analyzed the current status of pretreatment research on food samples, including chronological analysis and topic distribution. It was found that food sample pretreatment had just been developed in recent years. At the same time, the application scope, research status and advantages of several common pretreatment techniques were analyzed. The advantage of the solid phase extraction technology was that the sample could be enriched and purified at the same time, and the sensitivity of the detection was improved. However, there was a liquid level problem. The extraction efficiency of the supercritical fluid extraction was high, and the heat sensitive component was not easily damaged. It was very good to achieve selective separation and maintain the natural characteristics of the extract, but not suitable for components containing strong polar groups or excessive molecular weight. The speed of microwave-assisted extraction was fast, the solvent was used in a small amount and could be selectively heated, but the material was required to have good water absorption. In addition, drug residues in food will lead to the development of antimicrobial resistance, and the residues of food additives, heavy metals and environmental pollutants will bring cancer, acute and chronic poisoning and other problems, endangering human health. Finally, some solutions are proposed for the problems in this field.