高通量测序技术在食品微生物检测中的应用

Applications of high-throughput sequencing technologies for food microbiome detection

中文关键词:  高通量测序技术  食品微生物检测  16S rRNA  全基因组测序  宏基因组测序  宏转录组测序

英文关键词:high-throughput sequencing  food microbiome detection  16S rRNA  whole genome sequencing  metagenomic sequencing  metatranscriptomic sequencing

中文摘要:

      微生物超标及食源性致病菌引发的生物污染是影响国家公共卫生的主要因素。新一代的高通量测序技术因其高覆盖度、高灵敏度、高准确性和低成本等特点, 已经作为食品安全检测最重要技术逐渐替代常规DNA诊断和微生物分型方法。本文通过综述测序的发展历史和二代测序原理及流程, 着重论述以高通量测序为基础的16S rRNA、全基因组、宏基因组以及宏转录组分析在现代食品安全实验室中的应用, 展现了高通量测序技术在食品微生物检测、食源性致病菌监控及食品发酵工艺等方面的巨大优势。

英文摘要:

      The microbes exceeding standard and biological contamination of food-borne pathogen are the major factors influencing national public health. Now high-throughput sequencing (HTS) has replaced the traditional DNA diagnostic and microbial typing techniques as important technology for the characteristics of high deep coverage, high sensitivity, high accuracy and relatively low cost. The paper reviewed the history of DNA sequencing, the main principle and process of Illumina sequencing, emphatically introduced the applications of HTS technologies such as 16S rRNA sequencing, whole genome sequencing, metagenomic and metatranscriptomic sequencing in modern food safety labs, and summarized the tremendous advantages for food safety detection, food-borne pathogen surveillance and fermented food industrial production.