基于美国药典委EMA数据库的全球经济利益驱动型掺假和食品欺诈分析

An analysis of global economically motivated adulteration and food fraud in accordance with the United States Pharmacopeial Convention food fraud database

中文关键词:  美国药典委(USP)  食品欺诈  经济利益驱动型掺假  EMA数据库

英文关键词:the United States Pharmacopeial Convention (USP)  economically motivated adulteration  food fraud  EMA database

中文摘要:

      目的 分析全球范围内经济利益驱动型掺假(EMA)和食品欺诈信息,为建立符合我国国情的EMA数据库提供借鉴。方法 搜集美国药典委(USP)食品欺诈数据库的EMA信息,对1980-2018年在全球范围发生的4102条食品掺假事件作归类和统计分析。结果 掺假分为替代或稀释、人工增强、非法添加物、标签作假和产地作假等6个类型；EMA信息来源主要为学术文献(59.5%)、媒体报道(31.0%)和监管抽查(5.7%)；欺诈事件发生率地区排名前三位为印度、中国、美国；按我国食品分类标准28类分析,食用油脂、乳制品、肉制品、酒类、调味品、饮料和蜂产品等7类产品占所有掺假食品类别的90%以上；牛奶、橄榄油和蜂蜜高居掺假食品产品前三,分别占13.1%、7.8%和6.9%；水产品、果品和蔬菜以及制品、饮料作物高居掺假农产品产品前四,分别占54.6%、11.0%、8.0%和7.6%；稀释或替代是最主要的掺假方式；目前最常用的掺假检测方法为高效液相色谱法和质谱法。结论 EMA是全球性的严重食品安全问题,EMA数据库是预防控制食品安全风险的重要技术支撑。

英文摘要:

      Objective To analyze information on global economically motivated adulteration (EMA) and food fraud and provide reference for EMA database based on the national situation of China. Methods EMA information from the United States Pharmacopeial Convention (USP) food fraud database with 4102 records around the world from 1980 to 2018 was collected. Then all records were classified and used for statistic analysis. Results Fraud types were characterized and divided into substitution or dilution, artificial enhancement, illegal additives, mistlabeling and origin mask, respectively. The resources of EMA information were mainly from scholarly (59.5%), media reports (31.0%) and inspection (5.7%), respectively. India, China and America ranked top three in regional distribution of EMA incidents. Analysis according to the national stand including 28 food categories was implemented. Edible fat and oils, dairy products, meats, spirits and liquors, beverages, condiments and honey products represented more than 90% of a total fraud foods. Milk, olive oil and honey accounting for 13.1%, 7.8% and 6.9%, respectively, ranked top three. Aquatic products, fruits, vegetables and derived products, and beverage crops, accounting for 54.6%,11.0%, 8.0% and 7.6%, respectively, ranked the top four farm foods. It was identified that substitution or dilution was identified as the most fraud methods. High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) and Mass Spectrum (MS) were the most detection technologies identified fraud foods. Conclusion EMA is a global and serious food safety issue, and EMA database is a important technical support to prevent and control food safety risks.