我国主要作物中除草剂登记情况及存在问题

Registration status and existing problems of herbicides in the major crops in China

中文关键词:  除草剂  登记  存在问题

英文关键词:herbicides  registration  existing problems

中文摘要:

      除草剂是全球发展最为迅猛的农药之一, 其使用量逐年增加, 在农药中的占比不断增加。除草剂的应用对于保障我国粮食、大豆、棉花、油料等农作物安全生产具有重要意义。但随着除草剂的多年连续使用, 一些负面问题也不断凸显。本文综述了除草剂不同的分类方式和作用机制。从整体和主要登记作物(稻田、玉米田、大豆田、麦田)2个方面介绍了除草剂在我国的登记情况, 包括除草剂的登记数量、有效成分、剂型和生产企业等。对除草剂在登记和使用方面存在的问题进行了分析, 如除草剂产品登记混乱、创制新品种能力弱、除草剂药害、杂草抗药性、环境问题等。为除草剂的产业发展、登记管理和标准制定提供依据。

英文摘要:

      Herbicides are one of the most rapidly developing pesticides in the world, their amount of usage have increased year by year, and their proportion in pesticides are also increasing. The application of herbicides is of great significance for ensuring the safe production of crops such as grain, soybean, cotton and oilseeds in China. However, with the continuous use of herbicides for many years, some negative problems have also become prominent. This paper reviewed the different classification methods and mechanisms of action of herbicides, introduced the registration of herbicides in China, including the number of registered herbicides, active ingredients, dosage forms and production enterprises, from 2 aspects: the overall and main registered crops (rice fields, corn fields, soybean fields, wheat fields). This review also analyzed the problems with herbicides in registration and use, such as herbicide product registration confusion, weak ability to create new varieties, herbicide phytotoxicity, weed resistance, environmental problems, which can provide a basis for industrial development, registration management and standard setting of herbicides.