海洋生物中微塑料的检测与危害研究进展

Review of microplastics detection from marine organisms and their harms

中文关键词:  微塑料  海洋生物  提取方法  鉴定方法  食品安全

英文关键词:microplastics  marine organisms  extraction methods  identification methods  food safety

中文摘要:

      海洋中的微塑料(或称中微塑料)是外形尺寸小于5 mm的所有塑料的统称。微塑料广泛存在于各大海域中, 已经成为一种全球海洋生态环境体系中影响较大的新型污染物。海洋生物也受到了微塑料的污染, 严重影响了海洋食品安全。本文从含有微塑料的海洋生物种类、微塑料的提取、微塑料表观特征、微塑料的无损鉴定方法4个方面, 对国内外微塑料检测方面研究进展进行总结和梳理, 同时对微塑料对海洋生物造成的危害进行了总结, 针对现有阶段微塑料检测标准无法统一的问题, 提出了未来研究的主要方向。

英文摘要:

      Microplastic (or mesoplastic) in the ocean is the general term for all plastics with dimensions less than 5 mm. The microplastic widely exists in various sea areas and has become a pollutant in the global marine ecological environment system. Marine organisms are also polluted with microplastics, which has seriously affected the safety of seafood. This paper reviewed the existing national and international researches from the following 4 aspects: the species of marine organisms containing microplastic, the extraction methods of microplastic, the appearance characteristics of microplastic, and the nondestructive identification methods of microplastic. At the same time, the harms caused by microplastics to marine organisms were summarized. In view of the existing problems of the microplastics testing standards could not be unified, the main directions of future researches were also proposed.