单核苷酸多态性在茶树中应用的研究进展

Review on single nucleotide polymorphisms application in tea plant (Camellia sinensis)

中文关键词:  茶树  单核苷酸多态性  关联分析

英文关键词:Camellia sinensis  single nucleotide polymorphism  association mapping

中文摘要:

      茶树原产于中国西南地区, 是一种重要的经济作物。茶叶作为中国的传统饮品, 是世界上三大无酒精饮料之一。长期的自然演化及自交不亲和使得茶树的种质资源极其丰富。单核苷酸多态性(single nucleotide polymorphism, SNP)是基因组水平上单核苷酸突变引起的基因序列多样性, 是继限制性酶切片段多态性(restriction fragment length polymorphism, RFLP)和简单序列重复(simple sequence repeat, SSR)的第3代分子标记, 广泛存在于生物基因组中。SNP分子标记作为最重要的分子标记技术对遗传学研究有极其重要的作用。本文介绍了SNP分子标记的特征, 综述了SNP在茶树中的开发检测方法, 研究应用于分子标记、基因定位、关联分析等, 旨在为理解和研究SNP分子标记在茶树中的研究应用提供参考。

英文摘要:

      Tea (Camellia sinensis) originated from Southwest China, which is one of the important economic crops. As a traditional Chinese drink, tea is one of the world's 3 largest non-alcoholic drinks. Tea germplasm resources are extremely rich because of long-term natural evolution and self-incompatibility. Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) is the gene sequence diversity caused by single nucleotide mutation at genomic level, it is the third generation molecular marker of RFLP and SSR, and exists widely in the biological genome. As the most important molecular marker technology, SNP plays an important role in genetic research. This paper introduced the characteristics of SNP, reviewed the development and detection methods of SNP in tea plant, and also reviewed the research and application of SNP in molecular markers, gene positioning and correlation analysis. This paper aims to provide a reference for understanding and studying the application of SNP molecular markers in tea plant.