2015年山东部分地区食用植物油中黄曲霉毒素B1和玉米赤霉烯酮污染状况调查

Contaminations of aflatoxin B1 and zearalenone in edible oil in Shandong province in 2015

中文关键词:  黄曲霉毒素B1  玉米赤霉烯酮  酶联免疫吸附试验  食用油

英文关键词:aflatoxin B1  zearalenone  enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay  edible oil

中文摘要:

      目的 了解山东省部分地区食用植物油中黄曲霉毒素B1和玉米赤霉烯酮的污染状况, 为食品安全监督管理提供科学依据。方法 在山东省部分市/县采集256份食用植物油, 酶联免疫吸附法检测AFB1和ZEN的含量, 并根据食品安全国家标准食品中真菌毒素限量分析植物油中的AFB1和ZEN污染状况。结果 256份样品中, AFB1和ZEN检出率分别为44.5%、72.1%, 超标率分别为7.2%、6.0%, 中位数分别为0.0、4.9 μg/kg。定型包装和散装油中, AFB1超标率分别为0.0%、9.2%, 差异有统计学意义(?2=4.55, P<0.05), 中位数分别为 0.6 μg/kg、0.0 μg/kg; ZEN超标率分别为10.2%、4.9%, 中位数分别为5.1 μg/kg、4.8 μg/kg。各城市间AFB1总体来说差异有统计学意义(?2=32.31, P<0.05); ZEN在不同地区间差异无统计学意义(?2=16.06, P>0.05)。花生油和大豆油中AFB1超标率分别为16.2%、2.6%, 差异有统计学意义(?2=8.93, P<0.05), 其他种类植物油中未发现超标; 花生油、大豆油、玉米胚芽油、香油、调和油ZEN的超标率分别为1%、1.3%、100.0%、8.7%、20.0%, 各类食用油中ZEN超标率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 山东部分地区食用植物油中AFB1和ZEN污染严重, 其中以散装油污染最为严重。花生油中AFB1、玉米油中ZEN污染严重, 建议相关部门加强市场散装油的监管。

英文摘要:

      Objective To investigate aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and zearalenone (ZEN) contamination status in edible oil, so as to provide scientific basis for the supervision and administration of food safety. Methods A total of 265 edible oil samples were collected in Shandong province. AFB1 and ZEN were detected in edible oil by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The pollution statuses of AFB1 and ZEN in edible oil were judged according to the national food safety standard. Results Within 265 edible oil samples, the detection rates of AFB1 and ZEN were 44.5% and 72.1%. The exceeding standard rates of AFB1 and ZEN were 7.2% and 6.0%, and the median were 0.0 and 4.9 μg/kg, respectively. Totally 9.2% samples were exceeded the maximum level of AFB1 in bulk oil, but it was not found in the packaged oil, and the difference was statistically significant (?2=4.55, P<0.05). The median were 0.6 μg/kg and 0.0 μg/kg. The exceeding standard rates of ZEN in packaged oil and bulk oil were 10.2% and 4.9%, and the median were 5.1 μg/kg and 4.8 μg/kg. Significant differences were found about AFB1 between different cities (?2=32.31, P<0.05). There was no statistical difference of ZEN between different regions (?2=16.06, P>0.05). The exceeding standard rates of AFB1 in peanut oil and soybean oil were 16.2% and 2.6% (P<0.05). The exceeding standard rates of ZEN in peanut oil, soybean oil, corn germ oil, sesame oil and blend oil were 1%, 1.3%, 100.0%, 8.7%, and 20.0% (P<0.05). Conclusion Contaminations of AFB1 and ZEN in edible oil in Shandong are serious, especially the oil in bulk. Peanut oil is easily contaminated by AFB1 and corn oil is easily contaminated by ZEN. So the regulation of security for oil in bulk should be improved.