不同日龄和性别白羽王鸽肉品质、主要营养成分及肌纤维特性的比较研究

Comparative study of meat quality, conventional nutrition composition and muscle fibre characteristics of White King pigeons between different age and gender

中文关键词:  白羽王鸽  肉品质  营养成分  肌纤维

英文关键词:White King pigeon  meat quality  nutrition composition  muscle fiber

中文摘要:

      目的 比较研究不同日龄和性别白羽王鸽胸肌肉的常规肉品质、主要营养成分和肌纤维特性。 方法 随机选取健康28日龄乳鸽、600日龄左右老鸽公(♂)母(♀)各30只, 屠宰取胸肌待测。使用色差仪、pH计、膨胀仪、肌肉嫩度仪等测定常规肉品质指标, 参照国标方法测定营养成分, 制作石蜡切片并通过生物显微镜观察肌纤维特性。结果 乳鸽胸肌肉肉色a值和b值均极显著高于老鸽(P<0.01); 乳鸽胸肌肉pH高于老鸽, 且乳鸽(♂)显著高于老鸽(♂)(P<0.05); 不同日龄和性别对白羽王鸽胸肌肉失水率没有显著影响(P>0.05); 老鸽胸肌肉剪切力大于乳鸽, 且老鸽(♂)显著大于乳鸽(♀)(P<0.05)。不同日龄和性别白羽王鸽胸肌肉水分含量无显著差异(P>0.05), 蛋白质和脂肪含量有显著差异(P<0.05); 蛋白质和脂肪含量: 老鸽(♀)>老鸽(♂)>乳鸽(♀)>乳鸽(♂)。乳鸽胸肌肉肌纤维饱满致密, 老鸽细且纤维之间的空隙较大。老鸽胸肌肉的肌纤维密度极显著高于乳鸽(P<0.01), 肌纤维直径极显著低于乳鸽(P<0.01); 相同日龄公母鸽胸肌肉肌纤维密度和肌纤维直径没有显著差异(P>0.05)。结论 性别仅对白羽王鸽胸肌肉中蛋白质和脂肪的沉积有影响, 对常规肉品质和肌纤维特性影响不大。日龄对白羽王鸽胸肌肉的肉品质、微观结构和化学成分均有影响。乳鸽肉色红润, 肉质鲜嫩, 肌纤维饱满, 脂肪含量低; 老鸽肌纤维细密, 肌间脂肪和蛋白含量高。

英文摘要:

      Objective To compare the conventional meat quality, main nutrition composition and muscle fibre characteristics of White King pigeon chest muscle between different age and gender. Methods Squabs (28-day-old) and old pigeons (600-day-old) were chosen, including 30 males and 30 females, respectivly. The quality indexes of pectorales were measured by color difference meter, pH meter, dilatometer and muscle tenderness tester. The nutritional components were determined by national standard method. The fibre characteristics were observed by biomicroscope through the production of paraffin sections. Results Meat color a value and b value of squab chest muscle were very significantly higher than old pigeons (P<0.01), pH value of squab chest muscle was higher than old pigeons, and male pigeons showed significant higher (P<0.05). There was no significant effect on water loss rate of White King pigeon chest muscle between different age and gender, sheer force of old pigeon chest muscle was higher than squabs, and that of old pigeons (♂) was significantly higher than that of squabs (♀)(P<0.05). There was no significant difference on water percentage of White King pigeon chest muscle between different age and gender (P>0.05), but were significant difference on protein and fat percentage (P<0.05). Protein and fat percentage showed: old pigeons (♀) > old pigeons (♂) > squabs (♀) > squabs (♂). Muscle fibers of squab chest muscle were plump and thick, and those of old pigeons were thin and with big gaps between them. Muscle fiber density of old pigeons was very significantly higher than squabs (P<0.01) and muscle fiber diameter of old pigeons was very significantly lower than squabs (P<0.01). The gender had no significant effect on muscle fiber density and diameter (P>0.05). Conclusion The gender only has significant effect on the protein and fat deposition of White King pigeon muscle, no significant effect on conventional meat quality and muscle fiber characteristics. The age has significant effect on meat quality, microstructure and chemical composition of White King pigeon muscle. Squabs are reddish, tender and juicy, with plump muscle fibers and low fat content; old pigeons have thin muscle fibers with big gaps between them, and have high intramuscular fat and protein contents.