小麦产毒病原菌及其毒素防控的研究进展

Advances on the prevention and control of mycotoxin-producing pathogens and their mycotoxins in wheat

中文关键词:  小麦  镰刀菌  交链孢  真菌毒素  防控

英文关键词:wheat (Triticum spp.)  Fusarium  Alternaria  mycotoxin  prevention and control

中文摘要:

      小麦是全球第二大粮食作物, 每年因病害造成小麦严重减产, 品质下降。一些病原菌还能够产生真菌毒素, 进一步危害小麦及其制品的质量安全, 对人畜健康造成巨大危害。由镰刀菌引起的小麦赤霉病是我国最主要的小麦病害之一, 由交链孢引起的小麦黑胚病也备受关注。这2种真菌既能引起小麦病害, 又能产生真菌毒素, 故称之为产毒病害。镰刀菌产生的脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇(deoxynivalenol, DON)、玉米赤霉烯酮(zearalenone, ZEN)、伏马菌素等和交链孢产生的交链孢酚(alternariol, AOH)、交链孢酚单甲醚(alternariol monomethyl ether, AME)和细交链格孢酮酸(tenuazonic acid, TeA)等是2类病原菌产生的主要真菌毒素。本文综述了能引起小麦产毒病害的镰刀菌和交链孢的特点、真菌毒素以及病害和毒素的防控技术, 尤其是2类病原菌引起的小麦病害和真菌毒素的防控。这将为后期防治小麦产毒病害及控制毒素产生的研究提供有利参考。

英文摘要:

      Wheat (Triticum spp.) is the second largest food crops in the world. However, annual yields and quality of wheat are severely reduced due to plant diseases. Furthermore, some pathogens can produce mycotoxins threatening the quality and safety of wheat and its products. These mycotoxins are great detrimental to human and animal health. Wheat head blight caused by Fusarium spp. is one of the most important wheat diseases in China. More attention has also been paid to wheat black embryo disease caused by Alternaria spp. These fungi are regarded as mycotoxin-producing pathogens in that they can not only cause wheat diseases, but also produce mycotoxins. Fusarium toxins, especially deoxynivalenol (DON), zearalenone (ZEN), Fumonisins, etc, and Alternaria toxins, especially alternariol (AOH), alternariol monomethyl ether (AME) and tenuazonic acid (TeA) etc, are the major mycotoxins produced by the pathogens. In this review, the characteristics, mycotoxins, and especially the prevention and control of the diseases and mycotoxins brought about by pathogenic Fusarium and Alternaria in wheat were summarized. This will provide favorable references for the prevention of the mycotoxin-producing pathogenic diseases and the control of the mycotoxins in wheat.