2012~2016年云南省新鲜蔬菜中铅污染状况分析

Analysis of lead contamination in vegetables in Yunnan province from 2012 to 2016

中文关键词:  云南省  新鲜蔬菜  铅  风险监测  食品安全

英文关键词:Yunnan province  fresh vegetables  lead  risk monitoring  food safety

中文摘要:

      目的 了解云南省市售新鲜蔬菜重金属铅污染的总体状况。方法 采用分层随机抽样的方法, 2012～2016年在云南省15个州市超市和农贸市场随机采集云南当地居民消费量较大的时令蔬菜, 全省共采集产地为云南本省产的样品1907份, 按国家统一的方法检测, 并分析新鲜蔬菜铅污染状况。结果 共监测新鲜蔬菜8大类, 1907件样品, 铅检出率为56.42%, 超标率为6.97%。铅平均检测值、P50值均低于国家食品污染物限量标准。结果显示本调查中新鲜蔬菜铅超标率高于平均水平的产地为红河、楚雄、文山、曲靖4个地区, 超标率分别为15.22%、11.29%、11.02%、9.32%; 新鲜蔬菜铅超标率高于平均水平的类别为茎类、瓜菜类、块根块茎类、鳞茎类蔬菜, 超标率分别为15.14%、8.64%、7.72%、7.59%。结论 云南省新鲜蔬菜铅总体污染水平较低, 但存在一定的地域和类别污染水平较高的情况, 建议改善蔬菜种植地周边环境, 根据污染状况和蔬菜的富集情况的不同, 可以进行选择性种植, 建议不宜大量、长期食用个别蔬菜, 食品要多样化。

英文摘要:

      Objective To investigate the lead contamination in vegetables in Yunnan province. Method During 2012 to 2016, 1907 samples of larger consumption of vegetables which produced in Yunnan province were collected using stratified random sampling method from supermarkets and farm product markets in 15 administrative regions. Vegetables were detected by the standard method of the state, and the lead contamination in samples was analyzed. Results A total of 1907 samples belonging to 8 categories were monitored. The detection rate of lead in samples was 56.42%, and the rate of exceeding standard was 6.97%. The average detection value and P50 value of lead were lower than the state standard of food contamination limit. The results showed that the rates of exceeding standards of samples produced in Honghe, Chuxiong, Wenshan and Qujing were higher than the average level of Yunnan province, which were 15.22%, 11.29%, 11.02% and 9.32%, respectively. The rates of exceeding standards of stems, vegetables, root tuber, bulb vegetables were higher than the average level, which were 15.14%, 8.64%, 7.72% and 7.59%, respectively. Conclusion The average lead content of fresh vegetables in Yunnan province is low, whereas it is relatively high in certain areas and categories. From the detecting results discussed above, the environment of the vegetable growing areas should be improved, which can be selectively planted according to the pollution status and the accumulation of vegetables. What's more, food should be diversified, and people should not eat individual vegetables for a long time.