邵阳市学龄儿童营养状况与午餐膳食调查与分析

Survey and analysis of nutritional status and lunch meal of school-age children in Shaoyang city

中文关键词:  学龄儿童  营养状况  午餐膳食  卡路里热量分析法  调查

英文关键词:school-age children  nutritional status  lunch meal  calories analysis method  survey

中文摘要:

      目的 了解邵阳市学龄儿童的营养状况和在校午餐膳食情况, 以指导学校和家庭合理安排膳食, 保证学龄儿童的营养供应。方法 采用分层随机整群抽样法, 在该市抽取了2119名中小学生进行营养状况调查, 采用全血元素分析仪检测人体血液中钙、铁、锌、铜、铅的含量, 膳食中的能量和蛋白质、脂肪、碳水化物采用卡路里热量分析仪检测, 食物中的钙、铁、锌的含量采用原子吸收光谱法进行检测。结果 邵阳市6~15岁的学龄儿童中消瘦、超重、肥胖的人群分别有5.29%、5.24%、2.69%, 钙、铁、锌元素缺乏的人群分别为8.31%、9.57%和4.26%。午餐膳食有3种模式, 模式A是牛奶+点心, 3种产能营养素的比例与平衡膳食模式相符, 但能量和营养素供给量远低于膳食营养素参考摄入量(DRIs); 模式B是牛奶+膳食, 供给食物的数量较多, 能量、蛋白质、脂肪、碳水化合物和钙、铁、锌的含量分别为769.54 kcal、27.98 g、38.70 g、75.22 g、211.22 mg、8.25 mg、2.03 mg; 模式C为纯膳食, 能量和主要营养素的含量介于午餐模式A和B中间, 但和模式B均存在碳水化合物比例低、脂肪比例高的问题。3种午餐模式均以谷物为主, 但膳食结构不合理, 全谷物及杂豆、薯类、水果、坚果等食物摄入的频率和数量都很低, 乳制品的摄入量均低于国家推荐的300g?人-1?d-1的标准。结论 该市学龄儿童的营养状况待改善, 午餐膳食结构不合理, 应进行营养教育和干预, 促进均衡营养。

英文摘要:

      Objective To investigate the nutritional status of school-age children and school lunch meal in Shaoyang city, so as to guide the reasonable arrangement of school and family meals, and ensure school-age children nutrition supply. Methods Totally 2119 primary and middle school students were selected from Shaoyang city by stratified random cluster sampling method. The concentrations of calcium, iron, zinc, copper and lead in whole blood were detected by whole blood elements analyzer, dietary energy and the contents of protein, fat and carbohydrate were tested by calories analyzer, and the contents of calcium, iron and zinc in food were detected by atomic absorption spectrometry. Results The proportions of thin, overweight and obesity of school-age children aged 6~15 in Shaoyang city were 5.29%, 5.24 % and 5.69 %, respectively. The proportions of population who were lack of calcium, iron and zinc were 8.31%, 9.57% and 4.26%, respectively. There were three kinds of lunch meal modes. Mode A consisted with milk and snack, and its proportions of three nutrients were closed to the balanced diet mode, but the energy and nutrient supply were far lower than the dietary reference intakes (DRIs). Mode B was composed of milk and food, which was relatively sufficient, and the average contents of dietary energy, protein, fat, carbohydrates and calcium, iron, zinc were 769.54 kcal, 27.98 g, 38.70 g, 75.22 g, 211.22 mg, 8.25 mg and 2.03 mg, respectively. Mode C only consisted of pure meals, and the average contents of main nutrients and dietary energy were between model A and B, and there was a same problem that the proportion of carbohydrates was low and fat ratio was high with mode B. Three modes of lunch meal were mainly composed of grains, but the intake frequency and quantity of food such as whole grains and the mixed beans, potato, fruits, and nuts were very low, and the intake of dairy products was below the national recommended standard ( 300 g for each person every day). Conclusion The nutritional status of school-age children in Shaoyang city are not very nice and the dietary patterns are unreasonable. Schools should carry out the nutritional education and intervention so as to promote the balanced nutrition.