真菌群体感应分子法尼醇及其作用机制

Quorum sensing molecule, farnesol and its action mechanism in fungi

中文关键词:  真菌  群体感应  信号分子  白色念珠菌  法尼醇

英文关键词:fungi  quorum sensing  quorum sensing molecule  Candida albicans  farnesol

中文摘要:

      群体感应(quorum sensing, QS)是取决于细胞密度的微生物通信机制, 可调节细菌毒力因子分泌、生物膜形成、感受态和生物发光等行为。真菌群体感应系统10年前在法尼醇控制致病多态性真菌白色念珠菌中的细丝化研究中被发现。研究显示法尼醇作为群体感应分子(QSM)对宿主和其他微生物发挥多种作用; 还发现芳香醇酪醇是控制白色念珠菌生长、形态发生和生物膜形成的另一群体感应分子。在酿酒酵母中, 发现另两种芳香醇苯乙醇和色氨酸是在氮饥饿条件下调节形态发生的群体感应分子。此外, 类似于群体感应的种群密度依赖性行为已在几种其他真菌中描述。本综述总结了目前发现群体感应效应的几种关键真菌物种, 并重点阐述了研究较多的白色念珠菌和法尼醇作用的微观机制研究进展。

英文摘要:

      Quorum sensing (QS) is a mechanism of microbial communication dependent on cell density that can regulate several behaviors in bacteria such as secretion of virulence factors, biofilm formation, competence and bioluminescence. In the past study, farnesol has been shown to play multiple roles in Candida albicans physiology as a signaling molecule and induce different effects on other microbes. In addition to farnesol, the aromatic alcohol tyrosol was also found to be a Candida albicans QS molecule (QSM) controlling growth, morphogenesis and biofilm formation. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, other two aromatic alcohols, phenylethanol and tryptophol were found to be QSMs regulating morphogenesis during nitrogen starvation conditions. Additionally, population density dependent behaviors that resemble QS had been described in several other fungal species. The fungal species that had discovered QS behaviors were reviewed in this paper, and the physiological effects and mechanisms of farnesol in Candida albicans were mainly introduced.