北京市密云区居民膳食镉暴露风险评估

Risk assessment of residents’ dietary exposure of cadmium in Miyun district of Beijing

中文关键词:  镉  食品污染  风险评估  监测

英文关键词:cadmium  food contamination  risk assessment  monitoring

中文摘要:

      目的 了解北京市密云区7类食品中的镉污染状况, 对居民膳食镉暴露的健康风险进行初步评估。方法2014~2015年, 在辖区内农贸市场、超市和食品店随机抽取7类, 共368份样品, 用石墨炉原子吸收光谱法检测镉含量, 按照GB 2762-2012进行评价; 并结合密云区居民膳食消费量数据和FAO/WHO食物添加剂联合专家委员会(Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives, JECFA) 2010年制定的镉暂定每月可耐受摄入量0.025 mg/kg·BW对密云区居民进行初步的膳食镉暴露评估。结果 7类食品样品中镉的总检出率为61.4%, 其中动物内脏的镉检出率及含量最高, 分别为100%和0.05152 mg/kg。密云区居民每月膳食镉总暴露量为0.002204 mg/kg·BW, 未超过暂定每月可耐受摄入量0.025 mg/kg·BW, 主要来源为蔬菜(55.3%)、大米(20.8%)、动物内脏(14.4%)和蛋及蛋制品(6.4%)。结论 北京市密云区居民主要消费的7类食品受到的重金属镉污染在安全范围内, 膳食中镉暴露水平低于暂定可耐受摄入量, 通过膳食摄入的镉对人体不造成健康风险。

英文摘要:

      Objective To understand the status of cadmium contamination in 7 kinds of foods in Miyun district of Beijing, and to assess the exposure risk of dietary cadmium of residents in Miyun district. Methods A total of 368 samples were extracted from farmers markets, supermarkets and food stores in Miyun district from 2014 to 2015. The cadmium content in food were determined by graphite furnace atomic absorption method and assessed by GB 2762-2012.According to the dietary consumption data of residents in Miyun district and the tolerable monthly intake which was 0.025 mg/kg·BW set by Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA) in 2010, preliminary assessment of dietary cadmium exposure of residents in Miyun district was conducted. Results The total detection rate of cadmium in 7 kinds of food samples was 61.4%, and the detection rate and the content of cadmium in animal viscera were the highest, which were 100% and 0.05152 mg/kg, respectively.The total dietary cadmium exposure in Miyun area was 0.002204 mg/kg·BW, which did not exceed the tolerable monthly intake of 0.025 mg/kg·BW. The main sources of cadmium were vegetables (55.3%), rice (20.8%), animal offal (14.4%) and egg and egg products (6.4%).Conclusion The overall level of cadmium contamination in 7 kinds of food in Miyun district was safe. The dietary exposure of cadmium was lower than the provisional tolerable intake, and the dietary intake of cadmium does not pose a health risk to the human body.