差示扫描量热法及其发展趋势

Differential scanning calorimetry and its development trend

中文关键词:  差示扫描量热法  熔融  结晶  焓值

英文关键词:differential scanning calorimetry  melting  crystallization  enthalpy

中文摘要:

      差示扫描量热仪可以测定多种热力学和动力学参数, 如比热容、反应热、转变热、相图、反应速率、结晶速率、高聚物结晶度及样品纯度等。该仪器具有使用温度范围宽(-175~500 ℃)、分辨率高和试样用量少的优点。本文论述了差示扫描量热仪的特点、目前我国与差示扫描量热法相关的标准以及方法的未来发展趋势。未来在聚合物的结晶性研究和相变材料的热焓变化测量方面, 差示扫描量热法(differential scanning calorimetry, DSC)会有更广泛的应用。在物质的鉴别方面, 熔点的精确测量也会起到很重要的辅助作用。未来期待温度范围更宽的DSC仪器的出现, 同时, 红外-气相-差式扫描联用技术及热重-差式扫描量热联用仪器的更进一步发展会使得联用技术在未来得到更多的重视。

英文摘要:

      Differential scanning calorimeter can determine various thermodynamic and kinetic parameters, such as specific heat, heat of reaction, heat of transformation, phase diagram, reaction rate, crystallization rate, crystallinity of polymers, and sample purity, etc. The instrument has the advantages of wide temperature range (-175~500 ℃), high resolution, and small amount of sample. This paper discussed the characteristics of differential scanning calorimeter, related standards in China, and the future trend of this method. The differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) will be more widely used in the study of the crystalline properties of polymers and the measurement of the thermal enthalpy of phase change materials in the future. In the identification of substances, the precise measurement of melting point will also play a very important auxiliary role. The emergence of DSC instruments with a wider range of temperatures in the future is expected. At the same time, the development of infrared spectroscopy-gas chromatography-differential scanning calorimetry (IR-GC-DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis-differential scanning calorimetry (TA-DSC) will make the combined techniques to get more attention in the future.