北方地区枣果农药残留风险评估

Risk assessment of pesticide residues in jujube from northern area

中文关键词:  枣果  农药残留  风险评估  膳食暴露风险

英文关键词:jujube  pesticide residues  risk assessment  dietary exposure risk

中文摘要:

      目的 围绕我国北方地区枣果农药残留问题, 开展膳食暴露风险评估研究。方法 采集北方地区枣果主产省份(河北、山东、河南、陕西和山西)的102份枣果样品, 对82种常用农药和23种禁限用农药进行检测, 分别利用急性参考剂量(ARfD)和每日允许摄入量(ADI)进行急性和慢性膳食暴露风险评估, 并利用风险排序矩阵对检出农药进行风险大小的排序。结果 102份样品中89份样品检出了农药残留, 共检出37种农药, 其中2个样品检出农药残留超标, 超标农药分别为多菌灵和氰戊菊酯。枣果中检出农药的急性膳食暴露风险(用%ARfD表示)介于0.00%~6.01%之间, 平均值为1.82%; 慢性膳食暴露风险(用%ADI表示)介于0.00%~0.21%之间, 平均值为0.03%。根据农药残留风险得分, 检出残留的37种农药可划分为4类, 即高风险农药(2种)、中风险农药(3种)、低风险农药(13种)和极低风险农药(19种)。结论 我国北方地区枣果中农药残留检出率较高, 98%的样品农药残留量符合国家限量标准, 枣果中农药急性膳食和慢性膳食暴露风险均处于较低水平, 地虫硫磷、克百威、毒死蜱、联苯菊酯和唑螨酯是枣果中应重点关注的农药风险因子。

英文摘要:

      Objective This paper focused on the problem of pesticide residues in jujube from northern China and dietary exposure risk assessment research was carried out. Methods A total of 102 jujube samples were collected from five main producing provinces (Hebei, Shandong, Henan, Shaanxi and Shanxi). Residues of 82 kinds of commonly used pesticides and 23 kinds of limited pesticides were detected. Acute dietary intake risk and chronic dietary intake risk of pesticide residues in these samples were assessed based on the value of acute reference dose (ARfD) and acceptable daily intake (ADI), respectively. The matrix ranking was referred to rank the risk of pesticides in jujube samples. Results It was showed that 87.2% of the jujube samples (89/102) had detectable residues and 37 kinds of pesticides were detected in the samples. Two samples contained residues (carbendazim and fenvalerate) above the MRLs. For the pesticides with detectable residues, their acute dietary intake risks expressed as %ARfD were 0.00%~6.01%, with an average of 1.82%, and their chronic dietary intake risks expressed as %ADI were 0.00%~0.21%, with an average of 0.03%. These 37 kinds of pesticides were divided into 4 groups by risk score, including high risk group (2 pesticides), medium risk group (3 pesticides), low risk group (13 pesticides) and very low risk group (19 pesticides). Conclusion Pesticide residues in jujube from northern China had a relatively high detection rate, but 98% of the samples were under MRLs. Both acute and chronic dietary intake risks of pesticide residues in jujube samples were very low. Residues of 5 kinds of pesticides in jujube should be focused on, including fonofos, carbofuran, dursban, bifenthrin and fenpyroximate.