秀珍菇营养成分、生物活性及贮藏保鲜的 研究进展

Research progress on nutrition constituents, bioactivity and storage preservation of Pleurotus geesteranus

中文关键词:  秀珍菇  营养成分  生物活性  保鲜

英文关键词:Pleurotus geesteranus, nutrition compositions, bioactivity, preservation

中文摘要:

      秀珍菇是一种珍稀的食用菌, 在我国分布广泛, 产量逐年扩大。栽培秀珍菇不仅需要碳素、氮素和矿物质等养分, 还需控制其生长温度、湿度及光照等条件。秀珍菇富含蛋白质、纤维素和微量元素, 且脂肪含量较低, 还含有多糖、黄酮类等物质, 具有抗氧化、抗癌以及调节免疫活性等生物功能。秀珍菇营养丰富, 采后却极易失鲜, 常温贮藏条件下的秀珍菇保鲜期为2~4 d, 低温贮藏、气调保鲜等贮藏保鲜技术可以有效延缓秀珍菇的失重、老化及褐变等过程, 延长贮藏保鲜时间达到10~24 d。本文对秀珍菇的生物学特性、营养成分、生物活性及其贮藏保鲜技术进行了概述, 以期为秀珍菇的开发和利用提供参考。

英文摘要:

      Pleurotus geesteranus is a kind of precious edible fungi, which is widely distributed in our country and its yield is increasing rapidly. When cultivating Pleurotus geesteranus, enough carbon, nitrogen and minerals are essential to provide, appropriate temperature, moisture and humidity, light for Pleurotus geesteranus are also critical. Pleurotus geesteranus is a typical food material with characteristics of high protein, fiber, trace elements, but low fat, and it contains some substances with anticancer and antioxidant activities, such as polysaccharides and flavonoids. Pleurotus geesteranus possess widespread consumption with rich nutrients, but it is easy to be freshness-loss after postharvest. The preservation period is 2~4 days at room temperature for Pleurotus geesteranus, but food preservation technologies such as low-temperature storage and modified atmosphere packaging can effectively reduce the phenomenon of weight-loss, ageing, browning and significantly extend the fresh-keeping time to 10~24 d. This article summarized the biological characteristics, nutrition compositions, biological activity and storage of Pleurotus geesteranus, so as to provide references for development and utilization of Pleurotus geesteranus.