葡萄中产赭曲霉毒素A炭黑曲霉的控制方法

Review on the control of Aspergillus carbonarius producing ochratoxin A in grape

中文关键词:  炭黑曲霉  赭曲霉毒素A  葡萄  生物控制  物理控制  化学控制

英文关键词:Aspergillus carbonarius  ochratoxin A  grape  biological control  physical control  chemical control

中文摘要:

      炭黑曲霉(Aspergillus carbonarius)属曲霉属黑色曲霉菌, 是葡萄中赭曲霉毒素A(ochratoxin A, OTA)主要产生菌, 广泛存在于许多国家和地区的葡萄及其制品中, 是造成葡萄酒中OTA污染的主要来源。控制这些霉菌的生长与产毒是从源头上减少葡萄原料及其制品OTA污染的关键环节, 有关炭黑曲霉的污染规律及其控制方法方面的研究成为近年来的国际研究热点。根据已有研究, 紫外线照射、杀菌剂、二氧化硫、纳他霉素、多酚、香精油、天然提取物和挥发性化合物等都能够在一定条件下对炭黑曲霉的生长与产生OTA的能力产生一定的抑制作用。最新研究发现, 酵母、细菌和一些非产毒真菌及其代谢产物也对炭黑曲霉的生长和OTA产生具有良好抑制作用, 而且具有无毒无害, 安全性好等优点, 在实际应用中展示出很好的应用潜力, 越来越受到相关科研工作者和应用者的重视。本文主要围绕上述研究内容, 对国内外近年来的相关研究进展进行综述。

英文摘要:

      Aspergillus carbonarius belongs to Aspergillus Section of Nigri, which is the main fungi producing ochratoxin A (OTA) in grapes. It has been widely found in grape and related products in many countries and regions around the world. It has been identified as the major source of OTA contamination in wine making. Inhibition of A.carbonarius infection and OTA production are the key step for the control of OTA contamination in grape berries and their products. Investigation of this fungi contamination and exploration of the control methods have been extensively studied in recent years. Many methods and substances such as ultraviolet irradiation, fungicide, sulfur dioxide, natamycin, polyphenols, essential oil, natural extract and volatile compounds have been found to have significant inhibitory effects on the growth and OTA production of A.carbonarius under certain conditions. In recent years, some strains of yeast, bacteria and other non-toxin-producing fungi and their metabolites were also found to have significant inhibitory effects on growth of A.carbonarius and OTA production. Due to the unique advantages of non-toxic and safety, these microorganisms showed great potential in practical applications and attracted greater attention of food researches and users. This article reviewed the related research progress in recent years at home and abroad around the study content.