食品中主要真菌毒素生物合成途径研究进展

Research advances on biosynthetic pathways of the common mycotoxins in food

中文关键词:  真菌毒素  生物合成途径  基因簇  防控

英文关键词:mycotoxin  biosynthetic pathway  gene cluster  prevention and control

中文摘要:

      真菌毒素是真菌重要的次生代谢产物。食品和饲料等农产品在收获、储藏、加工过程中广泛受其污染, 造成品质下降、经济损失巨大, 并严重威胁人身健康。本文对食品中5种常见真菌毒素(黄曲霉毒素、赭曲霉毒素、伏马菌素、玉米赤霉烯酮和脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇)的生物合成途径分别进行阐释。采用克隆基因的传统分子生物学方法和基因组测序的现代测序技术研究发现, 真菌毒素的生物合成基因大多成簇存在, 该簇中包含控制合成基因表达的调控基因, 并受多种应对外部环境的调控基因所控制。因此本文还结合5种真菌毒素的生物合成基因簇及其基因功能进行综合解析。真菌毒素生物合成的研究将为食品和饲料等农产品的防控、预警以及脱毒提供理论基础和指导方向。

英文摘要:

      Mycotoxins are important fungi secondary metabolites. Agricultural products, such as food and feed are widely contaminated by mycotoxins during the harvesting, storage and processing, which can cause decline in quality, huge economic losses, and serious threats to the health of human body. In this paper, biosynthetic pathways of the main 5 kinds of mycotoxins (including aflatoxin, ochratoxin, fumonisin, zearalenone and deoxynivalenol) were separately elaborated. Traditional gene cloning molecular techniques and current genomic sequencing techniques had been used for discovering the biosynthesis genes. Studies showed that most of the biosynthesis genes were gathered in a cluster which contained several transcriptional regulators controlling the expression of other biosynthesis genes, and the whole gene cluster was controlled by various regulatory systems in response to external environment. Therefore, 5 kinds of gene clusters involved in each mycotoxin biosynthesis and their gene functions were also reviewed in this paper. Clarity of mycotoxin biosynthesis will contribute to provide the theoretical foundation and guidance for the prevention and control, early warning and detoxification of mycotoxins in food and feed.