超高压处理在毛蚶脱壳和减菌化中的作用研究

Effects of high pressure processing on the shucking and sterilization of Sca-pharca subcrenata

中文关键词:  毛蚶  超高压  电子鼻  细菌总数

英文关键词:Scapharca subcrenata  high pressure processing  E-nose  total bacterial count

中文摘要:

      目的 明确超高压处理对毛蚶脱壳效果、感官品质以及细菌总数的影响, 建立超高压技术在毛蚶加工中的工艺参数。方法 以鲜活毛蚶为对照, 在250~500 MPa的压力范围内设置6个超高压处理组, 根据闭壳肌是否脱离以及壳的完整情况记录毛蚶脱壳效果, 通过感官评定、电子鼻气味分析, 以及pH、TVB-N、细菌总数等指标的测定评价不同压力处理对毛蚶品质和微生物的影响。结果 300 MPa及以下的处理压力对毛蚶闭壳肌作用小, 脱壳效果较差, 而450 MPa及以上的压力处理会造成毛蚶壳的破损。毛蚶经超高压处理后, 感官评分略有下降, 其中350 MPa及以下压力的处理组与对照组之间无显著性差异(P>0.05), 而400 MPa及以上压力处理组由于气味的变化, 对应的感官评分显著降低(P<0.05)。超高压处理对毛蚶TVB-N无显著影响(P>0.05), 300 MPa及以上压力处理组的pH显著升高(P<0.05)。毛蚶细菌总数随处理压力的增大显著下降。结论 综合考虑脱壳效果、感官品质以及减菌化效果, 350~400 MPa的区间范围比较适宜作为毛蚶的超高压处理工艺。

英文摘要:

      Objective To analyze the effect of high pressure (HP) treatment on shucking, quality and total bacteria count of Scapharca subcrenata, thereby establishing HP parameters in Scapharca subcrenata processing. Methods Compared with fresh Scapharca subcrenata, 6 groups within 250~500 MPa were designed. The detachment of adductor muscle, damage of shell, sensory evaluation, odor analysis (based on E-nose), pH value, TVB-N value, and total bacteria count were determined. Results Pressures of 300 MPa and below were less effective in adductor muscle detaching and shucking, and pressure of 450 MPa and above would result in shell breakage. The sensory scores of Scapharca subcrenata with HP treatments declined slightly. There was no significant difference between the control group and groups with HP treatment lower than 350 MPa (P>0.05). HP treatment higher than 400 MPa caused changes in odor, thus the sensory score decreased significantly (P<0.05). No significant effect of high pressure treatment on TVB-N was detected. However, pH of Scapharca subcrenata treated by HP of 300 MPa and above increased significantly (P<0.05). The total bacteria count of Scapharca subcrenata decreased significantly with the increase of treating pressure. Conclusion Considering the effect of shucking, organoleptic quality and bacteria reducing, HP scale of 350-400 MPa is more appropriate for Scapharca subcrenata processing.