厨房措施对香菇中镉离子的浓度和生物可给性 及生物活性的影响

Effects of culinary strategies on the concentration and bioaccessibility of cadmium and bioactivity of Lentinula edodes

中文关键词:  重金属  镉  生物可给性  抗氧化  香菇

英文关键词:heavy metals  cadmium  bioaccessibility  antioxidant  Lentinula edodes

中文摘要:

      目的 探讨家庭厨房普通的处理方式对香菇中的镉(Cd)含量、镉的生物可给性以及其生物活性的影响。方法 用原子吸收检测家用酸、碱浸煮香菇不同部分的重金属含量变化, 对严重超标的Cd的生物可给性进行研究, 并采用电子自旋共振仪(ESR)对不同处理方式导致的生物活性变化进行检测。结果 香菇菇伞中的Cd含量高于菇梗中的Cd含量, 且都高于国家规定的最高允许值。家庭弱酸浸煮可以显著降低菇伞和菇梗中的Cd含量。用UBM法对体外模拟人体胃肠消化过程中Cd在胃和小肠的生物可给性研究表明, 胃液中的生物可给性显著比小肠阶段高, 并由此计算出人体健康风险因子, 其呈现出成人和儿童的每日摄入量均超过可耐受的每日摄入量。处理过的菇伞和菇梗的自由基清除能力都较未处理样品有显著降低。在相同浓度时(5 mg/mL), 1% NaHCO3和1% CH3COOH处理的菇伞对超氧阴离子自由基的清除能力均有显著增强, 但只有1% CH3COOH处理的菇伞对羟基自由基的清除能力有显著增强。结论 家庭弱酸浸煮可以显著降低香菇中的Cd含量; Cd在胃液中的生物可给性显著比小肠阶段高, 由此得出成人和儿童的每日摄入量均超过可耐受的每日摄入量各为4~5倍。酸、碱浸煮处理过的菇伞和菇梗的自由基清除能力都显著降低。

英文摘要:

      Objective To investigate the effect of the common treatment methods in family kitchen on the cadmium (Cd) content, bioaccessibility and the biological activity of the Lentinula edodes. Methods The content of heavy metal from different parts of Lentinula edodes by household acid, alkali soaking and boiling were detected by atomic absorption, bioaccessibility of exceeded Cd were studied, the change of bio-logical activity by different treatments were detected by electron spin resonance (ESR). Results The results showed that the content of Cd in caps was higher than that in stipes, both were also above the national maximum limiting values. Soaking or boiling with weak acid solution decreased the content of cadmium markedly in both caps and stipes. Based on ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) in vitro extraction, Cd bioaccessibility was measured to show that Cd available in gastric stage was much more than that in intestinal stage, indicating both adult and children had 4~5 times health risk compared to provisional tolerable daily intake value. Within certain concentration, antioxidant activity of both superoxide radicals and hydroxyl radicals in treated caps or stipes decreased greatly compared to untreated ones. At the same concentration (5 mg/mL), scavenging superoxide radicals in caps treated with 1% NaHCO3 and 1% CH3COOH were enhanced markedly while to hydroxyl radical scavenging activity, only in 1% CH3COOH treated caps increased significantly. Conclusion Soaking and boiling with 1% CH3COOH decreased the content of Cd markedly in Lentinula edodes, the bioaccessibility of Cd in gastric was higher than that in intestinal simulation, and health risk was 4~5 times of Cd maximum tolerance value for adult and children respectively. The free radical scavenging activity of Lentinula edodes decreased after treatment with 1% NaHCO3 or 1% CH3COOH below the concentration at 5 mg/mL.