水酶法提取植物油脂技术研究进展

Research progress on aqueous enzymatic extraction for the production of plant oil

中文关键词:  水酶法  乳化机制  破乳方法  品质

英文关键词:aqueous enzymatic extraction  emulsification mechanism  de-emulsification  quality

中文摘要:

      水酶法是在水代法基础上发展起来的一种现代提取植物油脂新技术。水酶法主要利用生物酶的酶解作用促进植物油脂的游离, 与传统压榨法、有机溶剂浸出法及超临界萃取法等相比, 其工艺简单, 对设备的要求低, 无高温处理及有机溶剂残留, 油脂品质更好。因此, 水酶法是一种“绿色、安全、营养”的提油新技术。本文介绍了水酶法提取植物油脂的技术原理及工艺特点, 生物酶的选择与生物酶在水酶法提油中的应用现状, 比较了水酶法与其他传统方法制备的植物油脂的品质; 并重点讨论了水酶法提取植物油脂技术研究的关键问题, 即: 水酶法提油过程中乳化液的形成机制及破乳技术; 同时, 针对水酶法提油技术存在的用酶量大、成本较高及废水处理等问题提出了可能的解决途径, 并对其应用前景进行了展望。

英文摘要:

      Aqueous enzymatic extraction is an emerging modern technique for oil extraction based on aqueous extraction. Aqueous enzymatic extraction can promote oil dissociate by enzyme digestion, which is simpler, lower requirement for equipments, avoiding high-temperature processing and organic solvent residues, and oil with best quality, compared with the traditional technology such as squeeze, organic solvent extraction and the supercritical fluid extraction method. Aqueous enzymatic extraction is a promising method due to oil nutrition, safety and economy. The technological characteristics and theory, enzymatic selection and application, and the quality of oil were reviewed, and the emulsion formation mechanism, de-emulsification methods were discussed in this paper. Moreover, the existing problems were discussed on aqueous enzymatic extraction, such as consumption of large amounts of enzyme, high cost for produce and wastewater treatment, and the promising prospect of aqueous enzymatic extraction were also forecasted.