利用酿酒酵母工程菌株生产2,3-丁二醇的 研究进展

Research progress in production of 2,3-butanediol by Saccharomyces cerevisiae engineering strains

中文关键词:  2,3-丁二醇  基因工程  酿酒酵母  代谢工程

英文关键词:2,3-butanediol  genetic engineering  Saccharomyces cerevisiae  metabolic engineering

中文摘要:

      2,3-丁二醇在食品、化妆品、医药和运输燃料等行业具有广泛的应用, 因而提高2,3-丁二醇的产量一直备受研究者们关注。目前, 研究的热点主要集中于利用微生物发酵可再生资源生产2,3-丁二醇以取代传统的化学合成法, 并取得了较大的进展。常见的2,3-丁二醇产生菌有克雷伯氏菌属和芽孢杆菌属, 它们能有效利用可再生资源高效生产2,3-丁二醇。然而这些细菌被认为是潜在的病原菌, 难以应用于大规模生产。因此, 研究者们又将目光转向了酿酒酵母。就安全性和工业化生产要求而言, 酿酒酵母是生产2,3-丁二醇的理想菌种。本文对国内外的相关研究进行了总结, 介绍了酿酒酵母产2,3-丁二醇的优势和不足, 2,3-丁二醇合成代谢途径及其基因工程菌株构建的方向, 以及通过代谢工程将酿酒酵母改造成能高效、高质、高量产生2,3-丁二醇的理想菌株的研究关键。

英文摘要:

      2,3-Butanediol (2,3-BD) is a compound of significant importance which has an extensive application in the fields of food, cosmetics, medicine and transport fuel. Thus it has being a hot topic about how to improve the 2,3-BD yield in the world. The utilization of renewable resources by microbial fermentation to produce 2,3-BD has been continuously focused on and great advancements have been made by researchers as an alteration of traditional chemical synthesis. Most bacteria such as Klebsiella.sp and Bacillus.sp used as 2,3-BD producers can make full use of renewable resources to produce 2,3-BD efficiently. However, most of Klebsiella.sp and Bacillus.sp are considered as potential pathogenic which is not suitable for a large-scale production of 2,3-BD. To this end, Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a competent alternative microorganism in terms of the security and the demand for industrial production. This paper reviews the relevant research all over the world. The advantages and disadvantages of S. cerevisiae as 2,3-BD producer, the metabolism and synthesis routes of 2,3-BD, the directions of enhancing the 2,3-BD yield by S. cerevisiae and key factors to produce 2,3-BD with high efficiency, high quantity and high yield by S. cerevisiae engineering strains using metabolic engineering are introduced in detail.