白酒中甲醇、甲醛、氰化物和金属离子的研究进展

Research progress of methanol, formaldehyde, cyanide and metal in Chinese liquor

中文关键词:  白酒  有害成分  检测方法  控制措施  白酒安全

英文关键词:Chinese liquor  harmful composition  analysis method  control measure  liquor safety

中文摘要:

      白酒中物质成分比较复杂，白酒中的微量成分因其在酒体中的作用而备受关注。这些微量成分中一类对白酒品质、香气形成起着关键作用, 另一类却对白酒品质起到破环作用, 甚至危害饮酒者身体健康。为更好地提升白酒品质提供参考, 本文对白酒成分中的甲醇、甲醛、氰化物和金属离子这些成分的检测方法、来源和控制措施的研究进展进行了综述。对于白酒中这些微量有害成分的研究主要包括检测方法的研究和改进，这可以更精确的确定白酒中微量有害成分的含量。白酒中的甲醇来源于含果胶质多的原料，甲醛来源于发酵过程和非酶氧化作用下生成，氰化物主要来自于原料，而金属离子则来自原料、设备和酿造用水。了解这些物质的来源后，其控制方法研究重点集中在如何经济有效降低这些物质含量，截止目前取得了一些突破性进展。

英文摘要:

      Material compositions in Chinese liquor are complicated. At present, many scholars are concerned about these trace components in Chinese liquor because of their function in Chinese liquor. Some components can play a key role in liquor quality and aroma formation, other kinds have broken effect on liquor quality, even endanger people's health. In this article, analysis method, origin and control measures of some harmful substances including methanol, formaldehyde, cyanide and metal ions in Chinese liquor were reviewed, so as to provide a reference for improving the liquor quality. The studies about these trace harmful components in liquor mainly include the research and improvement of the detection method, which can be more accurate to determine the content of harmful components in liquor. The methanol in liquor derives from the raw materials which contain pectin substance and formaldehyde derives from the fermentation process and the non enzymatic oxidation process; The main source of cyanide is raw materials, while the metal ions derive from raw materials, equipment and brewing water. After understand the sources of these substances, the control methods of the research are focused on how to reduce these substances economically and effectively, and some breakthrough about this study has been made so far.