从油脂加工控制反式脂肪酸

Control of trans fatty acids by oil processing

中文关键词:  反式脂肪酸  油脂加工  氢化油  油脂提取

英文关键词:trans fatty acids  oil processing  hydrogenated oil  oil extraction

中文摘要:

      随着氢化油的大量使用, 反式脂肪酸的危害逐渐显现。过量摄入反式脂肪酸会增加心血管疾病的危险性、诱导血栓形成, 还能干扰脂肪酸代谢, 影响青少年儿童的生长和智力发育。近年来, 公众对反式脂肪酸的担忧越来越强。本文综述了反式脂肪酸的产生、来源及对人体的危害。反式脂肪酸有两个来源, 天然存在和油脂加工过程中产生, 其危害主要来自油脂氢化、精炼及煎炸过程产生的反式脂肪酸。因此, 本文提出主要从以下3个方面控制反式脂肪酸: (1)寻找氢化油的替代品: 酯交换油脂、酯化产品、油凝胶、棕榈油分提物等; (2)采用油脂提取新技术: 水酶法提油、冷榨提油、超临界萃取提油等; (3)减少煎炸。旨在从源头把关, 从根本上消除反式脂肪酸可能引起的健康隐患。

英文摘要:

      With the extensive use of hydrogenated oils, the harm of trans fatty acids gradually appeared. Excessive intake of trans fatty acids can increase the risk of cardiovascular disease, induce thrombosis, interfere the fatty acid metabolism, and affect adolescent's growth and intellectual development. In recent years, the public concern for trans fatty acids is growing. This paper reviews the trans fatty acids’ formation, sources and threat to human body. There are two sources of trans fatty acids, naturally occurring and produced during oil processing. Its harmful results mainly come from the trans fatty acids produced during oil hydrogenation, refining and frying. Therefore, this paper suggested the mainly methods for control of trans fatty acids from the following three aspects: (1) Seeking alternatives of hydrogenated oils: interesterification oils, esterification products, oleogel, palm oil extract, etc.; (2) The new technology of oil extraction: aqueous enzymatic method, cold pressed extraction, supercritical fluid extraction, etc.; (3) Reduce frying. The trans fatty acids should be controlled from the source, thereby eliminating the health risks fundamentally.