玛咖的研究进展

Research advances on Maca

中文关键词:  玛咖  安全性评价  检测方法  成分比较分析

英文关键词:Maca, safety evaluation, analysis method, analysis of chemical constituents

中文摘要:

      玛咖(Lepidium meyenii Walp) (Maca)为十字花科独行菜属一年生或两年生草本植物, 原产海拔3500~4500 m的南美安第斯山区, 为当地常用蔬菜。我国本世纪初引种以来种植面积不断扩大, 云南为主要种植地区。玛咖含有丰富的蛋白质、碳水化合物、脂肪酸、纤维、维生素和矿物质含量, 具有较高的营养价值, 有“南美人参”之誉。此外, 玛咖含有玛咖酰胺、玛咖烯、生物碱、芥子油苷、甾醇和类固醇等主要次生代谢物。药理活性研究表明, 玛咖具有抗疲劳、增强免疫力、提高生育力、抗炎症、抗癌、抗氧化、抗病毒、降血压、缓解抑郁和治疗女性更年期综合征等多种作用。前期大量文章已对玛咖的化学成分和生理活性研究进展进行综述。本文对玛咖的安全性评价、玛咖成分的检测方法以及以不同色型玛咖的成分比较分析研究概况进行综述。

英文摘要:

      Maca (Lepidium meyenii Walp), an annual or biennial herb of Brassicaceae family, is native in the South American Andean mountain, especially above sea level to the altitude 3500~4500 m. Maca has been used as vegetable by the local people. Since the beginning of this century, Maca was introduced into China at the beginning of this century. Up to now, Maca has been planting widely in Yunnan province of China. Maca riches in proteins, carbohydrates, fatty acids, fibers, vitamins and mineralizes. It has high nutritional value as well as some secondary metabolites, such as macamides, macaenes, alkaloids, glucosinolates and steroids. It is reported that Maca has many biological activates, such as anti-fatigue, immune enhancing, fertility improving, anti-inflammation, anti-cancer, anti-oxidation, anti-virus, blood pressure lowering and treatment of female climacteric syndrome. Research advances in chemical constituents and biological activity of Maca has already been reviewed in previous articles. The current article reviewed the research advances in safety evaluation and analyzing method of chemical constituents of Maca tubes, as well as analysis of chemical constituents of Maca tubes with different color.