河北省梨主产区梨果农药残留风险研究

Risk estimation of pesticide residues in pear in Hebei province

中文关键词:  梨  农药残留  污染指数

英文关键词:pear  pesticide residues  contamination index

中文摘要:

      目的 掌握河北省梨果中农药残留分布情况及污染风险程度, 为河北省梨果的质量安全监管提供基础数据。方法 采集河北省2013~2014年11个梨主产县(市)的85份梨果样品, 采用气相色谱和超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法对梨果中110种农药残留状况进行检测, 检测结果与国家规定的梨果中农药最大残留限量进行比对分析, 并运用污染指数法对农药残留水平进行风险评价。结果 85个样品共检出24种农药残留, 每种样品均检测出农药残留, 农药品种1~8种不等, 检出率100%, 但均不存在农药残留超标现象。检测出的24种农药中以农药杀虫剂为主, 其中多菌灵和吡虫啉的检出率分别为69%和62%, 明显高于其他种类农药。1个样品检测出禁用农药克百威。此次采样的十一个县或县级市中, 石家庄赵县和沧州泊头市的样品达到1级安全水平的比率为100%, 其余县市1级安全水平样本比率在40%~90%不等, 肃宁、阜城、深州和河间等县(市)的样本综合污染指数在2级(相对安全)的样本比率较高, 风险程度高于其他县市。结论 河北省梨果农药残留水平低, 总体上处于安全范围内, 风险程度小, 但不同县(市)的农药残留风险程度存在地域差异性。

英文摘要:

      Objective The distribution and pollution degree of pesticide residues in Hebei province and the basic data provided for the quality and safety supervision of pear fruit were studied. Method The pears in 11 pear production counties of Hebei province during 2013 and 2014 were collected, and the pesticide residues in pear were detected by gas chromatography (GC) and ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC/MS/MS), then national standard and pollution index were used to evaluate the risk level. Results Twenty-four kinds of pesticide residues were found in the 85 samples. Pesticide residues were detected in each sample, with 1 to 8 kinds of pesticieds for each sample, and the detection rate was 100%. However, none of the sample was found that pesticide residue exceeded the standard level. In 24 kinds of pesticides detected, carbendazim and imidacloprid were found in most of the samples, with the detection rate of 69% and 62%, respectively. Carbofuran, a banned pesticide was detected in one sample. In the 11 counties in this study, all the samples in Zhaoxian and Botou reached the first class standard, while the first class standard ratio in other counties was ranging from 40% to 90%. The counties of Suning, Fucheng, Shenzhou and Hejian had more samples at the second class standard ratio than other counties, which meant the higher risk level of pesticide residues. Conclusions The pesticide residues of pear in Hebei Province were mainly in the safe range and showed a low risk level. However, the risk levels in different counties showed a significant difference.