牛乳中嗜冷菌危害及其检测方法研究进展

Advancement on detection methods and hazard of psychrophilic bacteria in milk

中文关键词:  嗜冷菌  原料乳  快速检测  危害

英文关键词:psychrophilic bacteria  raw milk  rapid detection  hazard

中文摘要:

      虽然低温保藏及冷链技术限制了牛乳中微生物的繁殖与代谢, 但是在低温环境中恰恰非常适合嗜冷菌的生长代谢, 并影响牛奶质量。生产中通常用巴氏杀菌和超高温灭菌来杀灭牛奶中的嗜冷菌, 却无法消除由嗜冷菌所分泌的较高的耐热性的脂肪酶和蛋白酶, 进一步影响乳及乳制品风味质地。因此快速检测牛乳中的嗜冷菌, 对于控制生牛乳中嗜冷菌繁殖、提高乳制品产品质量、延长货架期等都具有重要的现实意义。本文主要总结与讨论了牛乳中嗜冷菌的危害以及几种常见的对原料奶中嗜冷菌快速检测的方法, 包括直接荧光过滤技术、电阻抗法、酶联免疫吸附法、流式细胞计数法、氨肽酶法、聚合酶链反应结合酶联免疫吸附法, 并将它们在工业应用上的优缺点进行了比较, 并对此领域的技术发展方向给予展望。

英文摘要:

      The techniques of cryopreservation and cold chain limit the microbial reproduction and metabolism in milk. However, a low temperature environment is very suitable for the growth and metabolism of psychrophilic bacteria. Pasteurized and ultra high temperature sterilization is usually used to kill psychrophile, but they are unable to remove the heat-resistant lipase and protease produced by the psychrophile, finally to affect the flavor and texture of dairy products. Therefore, rapid detection of milk psychrophile in raw milk is im-portant for microbial control, quality improvement and shelf-life extending. This paper summarizes and dis-cusses the hazards of psychrophile in milk, as well as several common rapid detection methods for psychrophile in raw milk. These methods include direct fluorescence filtering technology, electrical impedance method, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, flow cytometry, aminopeptidase enzyme, and PCR-ELISA method. The advantages and disadvantages in industrial application are also compared, and the development directions of those techniques in this field are discussed.