T-2毒素的产生、毒性及脱毒研究进展

Advance on researches of production, toxicity and detoxification of T-2 toxin

中文关键词:  T-2毒素  结构  毒性效应  脱毒

英文关键词:T-2 toxin  structure  toxic effect  detoxification

中文摘要:

      T-2毒素是由多种镰刀菌代谢产生的一种单端孢霉烯族类毒素, 广泛存在于田间作物及贮藏加工过程的谷物中, 对经济造成了很大程度的损失。产毒菌株的菌种及侵染时间、外界环境、宿主均可影响T-2毒素的产生。该毒素是倍半萜类化合物, 环氧环、C9-C10间双键、羟基、乙酰氧基为其毒性官能团, 其毒性主要表现为细胞毒性和免疫系统毒性, 具有致畸、致癌、致突变的“三致”作用, 对人畜健康具有潜在的致癌威胁。目前脱除方法有物理法、化学法及生物法, 生物法因其独特优势成为当前研究热点, 该方法包括源头的预防控制以及侵染后毒素本身的降解, 前者主要通过对前期菌株侵染、生长与产毒之间关系的研究来实现脱除; 后者主要是利用自然界中动植物天然提取物或某些微生物菌体进行直接降解。该文重点阐述脱毒方法的最新研究进展, 旨在为T-2毒素的脱除研究提供理论依据。

英文摘要:

      T-2 toxin belongs to a large group of trichothecenes produced by various Fusarium spp. It is commonly found as contaminants in cereals grains from planting, storage and procession. It also has caused much loss to the economy. The production of T-2 was influenced by the type and infection time of fungal strains, the external environment and the type of host. T-2 toxin belongs to sesquiterpenoids, and epoxy ring, double bond between C9-C10, hydroxy, and acetoxyl group are toxicity functional groups. The major toxicity is the cells and immune system toxicity. It is teratogenic, carcinogenic, mutagenic, and also possessa severe threat to human and animal health. The methods of detoxification include physical, chemical and biological technologies. The biological methods are concerned because of its unique advantage, including the source of prevention and control and the degradation of the toxin itself after infection. The interrelation of the injection, the growth and the production of toxicity are mainly studied in the former; the natural extracts of animals, plants and some microbes are used for the direct detoxification in the latter. In this paper, the advance of detoxification was discussed in detail to provide theoretical foundation for the detoxification technique of T-2 toxin.