核酸适配体在样品前处理技术中的应用

Aptamer application in sample preparation techniques

中文关键词:  核酸适配体  样品前处理  固相萃取  磁分离  亲和色谱  微流控分离

英文关键词:aptamers  sample preparation techniques  solid-phase extraction  magnetic separation  affinity chromatography  microfluidic separation

中文摘要:

      核酸适配体是通过指数富集配体系统进化技术经体外筛选得到的可以特异性地识别目标物的一段短的单链寡核苷酸序列。与抗体相比, 适配体具有性质稳定、易化学合成、易化学修饰、分子量小和目标分子广泛等优点, 目前在生物传感器、毛细管电泳、物质分离富集以及医疗诊断等领域得到了广泛应用。本文重点介绍了核酸适配体在固相萃取、磁分离、亲和色谱及微流控分离分析等样品前处理技术中的应用, 并对其应用现状和发展前景进行了综述。

英文摘要:

      Aptamers are obtained by systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment from a random oligonucleotide library, which exhibit high affinities and specificities to their corresponding targets. Compared with antibody, aptamers are highly stable, easier to synthesize and modify, smaller in size and specific to a wide variety of targets. So far, it has a wide application in the fields of biosensors, capillary electrophoresis, separation and analysis, medical diagnosis. This article mainly summarizes the applications of aptamers in sample pretreatment technologies such as solid phase extraction, magnetic separation, affinity chromatography, microfluidic formats. What’s more, this review describes the current status and predicates the possible development of aptamers in sample preparations technologies.